The main components of a lead storage battery are as follows:
Anode plate (lead peroxide. PbO2)---> Active material Cathode plate (sponge lead. Pb) ---> Active material Electrolyte (diluted sulfuric acid) ---> Sulfuric acid ( H2SO4) + Water ( H2O)
Battery case, isolation plate, other (liquid port plug, cover, etc.)
Principle of lead storage battery The anode (PbO2) and cathode (Pb) in the lead storage battery are immersed in the electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid), and 2V of electricity is generated between the two poles. According to the principle of the lead storage battery, the cathode and cathode are charged and discharged. The electrolyte changes as follows:
(anode) (electrolyte) (cathode)
PbO2 + 2H2SO4 + Pb ---> PbSO4 + 2H2O + PbSO4 (discharge reaction)
(lead peroxide) (sulphuric acid) (sponge lead)
(anode) (electrolyte) (cathode)
PbSO4 + 2 H2O + PbSO4 ---> PbO2 + 2 H2SO4 + Pb (Charging reaction)
(lead sulphate) (water) (lead sulphate)
1. Chemical change during discharge When the battery is connected to an external circuit, the dilute sulfuric acid reacts with the active substances on the anode and anode plates to form a new compound, “lead sulfateâ€. It is released from the electrolyte via the discharge sulfuric acid component, and the longer the discharge, the thinner the sulfuric acid concentration. The consumed component is proportional to the amount of discharge. As long as the concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte is measured, that is, the specific gravity is measured, the amount of discharge or the amount of residual electricity can be known.
2. The chemical change in charging occurs because the lead sulfate produced on the anode plate during discharge is decomposed and reduced to sulfuric acid, lead and lead peroxide during charging, so the concentration of the electrolyte in the battery gradually increases, that is, The specific gravity of the electrolyte rises and gradually returns to the concentration before discharge. This change shows that the active material in the battery has been reduced to a state in which it can be re-powered. When the lead sulfate of the two poles is reduced to the original active substance, it is equal to At the end of charging, the cathode plate produces hydrogen, and the anode plate generates oxygen. When charging to the final stage, the current is almost always used in the electrolysis of water, so the electrolyte is reduced. In this case, it should be replenished with pure water.
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