The use of light to treat human diseases is a very old method of using daylight to treat diseases as early as thousands of years ago in countries such as China. As a new type of light source, LED has gradually been recognized by people because of its biological effects. It is gradually being applied to medicine and playing an active role. This article will explain and describe the application of LED in dermatology in detail.
I. Optical parameters affecting the biological effects of LEDs The biological effects of LEDs depend on different optical parameters, including different wavelengths, flow rates, intensities, irradiation times, continuous waves or pulse waves, and the number of clinical treatments, treatment intervals. Wait. Different wavelengths can reach different locations in the skin tissue (Figure 1). In general, the longer the wavelength, the stronger the penetration ability. The distance between the skin tissue penetrated at 400 nm is less than 1 mm, the distance at which 514 nm penetrates is about 0.5 mm to 2 mm, and the penetration distance at 630 nm is about 1 mm to 6 mm. Light can be absorbed by different chromophores in the tissue. In clinical practice, red light (630nm ~ 700nm) is often used to treat deep skin tissue structures, such as sebaceous glands; blue light is used in photodynamic therapy to treat lesions located in the epidermis; if you want to reach the dermis of the skin, you need more Long wavelengths, such as 660 nm, can reach the reticular layer of the dermis and act on skin fibroblasts in the dermis, which is one of the principles of LED light source for photorejuvenation.
Second, the application of LED in dermatology 1. Photorejuvenation (photorejuvenation)
Photon skin rejuvenation is defined as a skin rejuvenation treatment that uses continuous intense pulsed light at a low energy density for non-exfoliation. In just a few years since its inception in 2000, photon skin rejuvenation technology has rapidly spread throughout the country and has been widely used in large and medium-sized cities. It has become one of the main means to improve skin photoaging. This technology can significantly improve skin wrinkles and texture. Rough, irregular pigmentation and large pores have been recognized by many technical professionals and beauty appealers. A characteristic histological change in skin photoaging is an elastic fibrosis and collagen fiber maturation barrier in the dermal matrix, resulting in sagging and wrinkles in the skin.
The study found that visible light to near-infrared LED light penetrates the skin epidermis and reaches the dermis layer of the skin. Through photothermal and photochemical action, the elastic fiber and collagen fiber are regenerated and rearranged, thereby reducing skin wrinkles and increasing elasticity.
2. Prevention or treatment of pigmentation after inflammation Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is common and difficult to avoid in skin physics and chemical beauty, especially in Asian populations. For example, in order to reduce the degree of skin pigmentation after laser treatment, it is generally avoided that the ultraviolet rays are too strong, the paralyzed patients avoid sun exposure, apply sunscreen, etc., but the pigmentation after inflammation is still difficult to completely avoid. In recent years, studies have found that 660nm LED light can prevent or even treat skin pigmentation after this inflammation, which will be a new research hotspot in the skin beauty industry.
3. Promote the healing of the wound. It can be seen that the LED light of various bands in the near-infrared can promote the growth of epithelial cells after trauma and promote the healing of the wound. At the same time, it also has a good therapeutic effect on the healing of chronic ulcers in the lower limbs of diabetic patients.
4. Reducing inflammation There have been a series of studies showing that LED has an anti-inflammatory effect. The study found that 635nm LED light can inhibit the release of inflammatory mediator prostacyclin E2 (PGE2) from fibroblasts of gingiva, thereby reducing the inflammatory response of the gums. If the pulsed dye laser is used to pre-illuminate the skin before aging, it can reduce the discomfort such as erythema, swelling and pain caused by dye laser. Early exposure to LED light sources before radiation therapy in breast cancer patients can alleviate the side effects of radiation therapy.
5. Prevention of scars Scars are a skin condition that affects beauty and treatment difficulties clinically, and is caused by excessive proliferation of connective tissue after skin damage. Patients often have scars. In the clinical beginning, the small and hard red papules slowly increase, producing round, oval or irregular scars, which are higher than the leather surface and stretch outwards like crab feet. The skin is smooth and shiny, which may be accompanied by Pain, itching, etc. Clinical treatment is difficult and the curative effect is not satisfactory. Studies have found that LED can significantly improve the patient's pain, itching and other discomfort, flatten the scar, and have non-invasive advantages.
6. Other functions In addition, LED can also be used as a UV-free phototherapy device, for photodynamic therapy, for treating hair loss, reducing skin damage after UV irradiation, and the like.
In short, as a new type of light source, LED has been gradually applied to dermatology. With the continuous innovation of LED lamps and the medical mechanism of LED biological effects, the application of LED in dermatology will be limitless. prospect. At the same time, LED has high security and can be used as a home medical device.
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