At 6:45 am on January 3, 2012, a traffic accident took place in the domestic section of Hufang County, Hunan Province, and a heavy-duty trailer crashed through the intermediate guardrail and collided with the bus, killing 13 people and injuring 41 people. Nine of them were seriously injured. At present, the injured have been taken to the hospital and the road section of the accident has recovered. The cause of the accident is under investigation. After recounting the tragedy that caused the deaths of many people, one cannot help but ask: How far is it to be able to run a car that cannot survive? Why did the installation of heavy-duty retarder be slowed down?
Large trucks running on the domestic market are seldom equipped with retarders. With the arrival of the Spring Festival, the safety of large trucks on the high-speed roads has become increasingly prominent. In Europe, in the 1950s, many countries have already imposed mandatory installation of retarders on passenger cars and trucks with more than 8 tons.
At present, the number of trucks in China accounts for 1/14 of the total number of motor vehicles, but one third of the deaths in traffic accidents are caused by trucks. According to relevant data from the Ministry of Public Security, in the first half of 2011, 25864 people died in road traffic accidents in China. This means that in the first half of 2011 alone, more than 8,600 people across the country were killed in wagons.
On December 13 and 14, 2011, three large accidents involving trucks were reported in Guangdong province. The Guangdong Provincial Security Committee issued a circular to the province, requiring all localities and relevant departments to intensify supervision to ensure the safety of production during the New Year's Day and the Spring Festival. Prior to this, according to incomplete statistics, from December 2 to December 12, 2011, Guangdong had issued four consecutive traffic accidents involving large trucks in just 10 days.
Many heavy-duty truck drivers stated that they were most afraid of stopping their cars while driving. In the analysis of the causes of traffic accidents on trucks, the first priority is illegal driving, followed by mechanical failure of the vehicle, and many driving violations are accompanied by vehicle failures. In various vehicle fault statistics, brake failure occupies a very high proportion.
The failure of braking is an important cause of traffic accidents in trucks. Simply speaking, it is not enough. In order to catch the tiger in this road, European and American developed countries generally use the vehicle retarder as a standard configuration and apply it to a variety of heavy vehicles. However, the survey found that at present, China's large trucks are rarely equipped with retarders. The retarder is mainly used in medium and large-sized passenger cars and heavy goods vehicles. Currently, the retarder has been basically popularized in China's medium- and large-sized passenger cars, but it is still in a blank state in the field of trucks. Only a handful of heavy trucks are equipped with car retarders. Device.
At present, the installation rate of the retarder in foreign heavy trucks has generally reached more than 80%. In developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan, the retarder is the standard configuration of bus buses, tourist buses, medium-sized and heavy-duty trucks. How can China's trucks that are absent from the retarder survive?
According to experienced drivers, the brakes on the early-stage truck masters require two brakes. The quality of the car is too high, and one foot brake often has to be added. Later, some cars were equipped with a dynamometer stick so that the driver could stop the car. However, overloading of large trucks is the norm. Ordinary brakes are not sufficient for large trucks, especially long-haul large trucks across provinces.
The big trucks whizzing away went away and dragged a long trail of water on the ground. This is the intuitive impression many people have on large trucks. This is exactly the driver's own method of braking the earth. Many truck drivers add a cooling water tank to the vehicle. When the downhill tank opens the cooling water tank valve, cold water sprays on the brake drum, which can reduce the temperature of the brake pads.
0.6 tons of small trucks back is a small water tank; large trucks more than 9 meters generally have to install a 100L-200L large water tank behind the front, in order to add insurance for the brakes, some teams have generally added a water tank to the truck. Once the driver feels that the running time is too long, the brake pads have to heat quickly to cool down. This is the most common practice for trucks to add brakes and insurance.
In order to alleviate the brake failure and even promote the construction of a new industrial highway buffer zone, the 9-kilometer-long downhill section of the G15 (Shenhai) expressway at the junction of the Zhejiang-Jiangxi highway has even suffered two consecutive crashes due to a brake failure. However, three of the four booths at the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Toll Gate had crashed and destroyed, and several toll collectors were injured.
After numerous bloody lessons, similar buffers can be found throughout the country's famous long downhill, sharp bends and frequent accident areas. This type of buffer zone is usually built on the basis of sand, rocks, and mud. The driver dedicated to braking a vehicle that has failed is actively hitting these sand and gravel piles to achieve deceleration. Some highways also have a cooling pool, which is mainly used to cool the tires and brake pads of large vehicles. Without these measures, large trucks, especially large trucks that are overloaded, can easily fall downhill because of continuous brakes that cause the brake pads to catch fire and tires to smoke.
The back tank and repair buffer zone can be called Chinese soil method. However, such a "local law" can really be done once and for all? Taking the “first slope in East China†as an example, experts pointed out that when the car is running normally, the braking temperature is generally below 200 degrees Celsius. In the case of continuous downgrades, the main brake requires a relatively long period of continuous braking and the temperature will reach 300 degrees Celsius or more. However, if the temperature exceeds 260 degrees Celsius, the vehicle can hardly drive safely.
Whether it is a buffer zone or a cooling pool, it is not the fundamental method to solve the problem. Can not cure this! Although these external measures also have some effect, but from the safety performance of the vehicle itself, the installation of retarder can fundamentally solve the problem of brake failure.
Backwater tanks are very prone to road traffic accidents. For example, in winter, water tanks are sprinkled on the ground, which can easily cause ice on the roads and slippage of vehicles. According to the "Road Traffic Safety Law" this practice is prohibited and involves the illegal modification of vehicles. Even if the brake performance is improved, adding a water tank will only have a certain effect on reducing the braking heat decay when the truck is continuously downhill, but it will never cure the problem. Water tanks are sometimes unreliable. If the water is too dirty or has too much water, the pipes of the water tanks will be plugged; the pressure in the water tank will not be enough and the water will not be able to be sprayed out; sometimes, the water in the water tank will run out and no water station will be found. .
According to relevant personage analysis, the installation of a retarder for heavy trucks can be as low as 78,000 yuan, and as many as 10,000 yuan or even tens of thousands yuan. The definite impetus for the installation of stock trucks is insufficient. The only real power is policy promotion.
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