When independent development meets difficulties, when a company's joint venture is powerless, the joint development model emerges.
When China has surpassed the United States, Russia, and Japan to become the world’s first automobile production and consumption country, when the passenger car in China is sold by the government’s Dongfeng Sale, the transmission, one of the core components of the automobile, is still subject to control, especially Passenger car automatic transmission.
"It is impossible for domestic enterprises to make dual-clutch transmissions. There is no ten-year time, and there is no drama at all." Cheng Wenbing, the president of Maiwei Consulting, asserts that although some of them have poured cold water on the Chinese auto industry, the meaning behind them is exactly what Chinese cars are. The industry's "deadly" short board.
Highly dependent on imports
As a major consumer of automobiles and production, we are the focus of the world's automotive industry. As an automatic transmission for the core components of automobiles, we have to focus on others while focusing on others.
In the late 1990s, the Accord, Buick and other models successively achieved domestic production, and domestic high-end and high-end cars began assembling automatic transmissions. However, due to the complex structure of automatic transmissions, high technical content, high R&D costs and production costs, and difficulty in machining parts, it is difficult to achieve mass production in our current situation for a long time. Therefore, for a long time, domestic passenger cars are used Automatic transmissions are basically dependent on foreign imports.
According to the statistics from the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, about 80% of domestic automatic transmission vehicles are equipped with imported automatic transmissions, while the remaining 20% ​​are mainly from foreign-owned joint ventures, relying on a monopoly on the Chinese market. Multinationals have obtained surprisingly large profits from China. Their automatic transmission products are sold in China at a price that is three times that of their home country. Import figures in recent years show that the annual imports of automatic transmissions are as high as 10 billion yuan. Yuan above. What is more serious is that multinational corporations also impose strict quota restrictions on the import of Chinese-funded enterprises' automatic transmissions, in order to maintain the overall competitive advantage of the domestic automobile industry, which has caused some Chinese automobile companies to abandon the production of automatic transmission vehicles. At the same time, it also leads to the lack of partners in the automatic transmission matching of many independent models in China. The automatic transmission has become the bottleneck restricting the development of the automobile industry in China.
According to the analysis of CSM data from the American automobile consulting company, in 2013, the market share of the Chinese passenger car market (including cars, SUVs, and MPVs) and automatic transmissions will be around 45%. Wang Shengtang, secretary-general of the China Gear Professional Association, spoke highly of the “Car Watch†reporter’s words: “Accelerating the process of R&D and industrialization of China’s auto transmissions has become the key to changing the imported automatic transmission products to dominate the Chinese market and is also a top priority for the Chinese auto industryâ€.
Development
After more than 20 years of development, automatic transmissions have remained at the prototype stage and have not been industrialized. In order to overcome the technology of automotive automatic transmissions, the state provided support in the 863 project, but for various reasons, it failed to make a breakthrough. In the search for an automatic transmission to break through the road, many years of development have formed two models, one is a joint venture with foreign companies, using the market for technology. The other is self-development and development on its own. However, both of these models are in an embarrassing phase, and no one has yet been able to come up with fully autonomous automatic transmission products.
In fact, the "market-for-technology" policy has been implemented in the Chinese automotive industry for many years. Today, some of the joint venture auto companies that have been established for more than 10 years still rely entirely on imports. The reason is simple. Multinational companies do not want to see a strong competitor that can compete with them. In their eyes, a Sino-foreign joint venture is just an overseas branch.
As Fu Yuwu, the Secretary-General of the China Automobile Engineering Society, said: "In foreign-funded joint ventures, foreign capital is the only source of technology for the company. It is hard to imagine what key technologies Chinese companies can obtain from it." At the time, domestic independent enterprises also accelerated the pace of development. Chery, Geely and other self-owned car companies have increased their research and development efforts in automatic transmissions. Commercial vehicle transmission companies such as Fast are also actively developing multi-speed manual transmissions and automatic transmissions. Chery Automobile is one of the earliest domestic self-owned brand companies that introduced automatic transmission models to the market. In 2003, Chery Automobile adopted AMT of Italian Marelli Co., Ltd. on its economical sedan QQ, and applied a mechanically-variable transmission (CVT) derived from BMW technology to its midsize sedan Cowin. Shenyang Aerospace Mitsubishi's AT was used.
Although domestic independent enterprises have always forgotten to develop independently, some technical problems do not happen overnight. “Although the automotive industry in China has made great progress and the international competitiveness of its products has been continuously improved, there is still a large gap between some core technologies and foreign countries. Among them, automatic transmissions are one of them. Since no real industrialization has yet been realized, It is in a situation subject to control.†Zhang Xiaobiao, executive vice president of the China Machinery Industry Federation, expressed concern about this shortcoming in the automotive industry.
Joint development of new roads
When independent development meets difficulties, when a company's joint venture is powerless, the joint development model emerges. Joint development also solves many problems arising from the lack of resources and capabilities while achieving mutual cooperation among enterprises and complementing each other's strengths. However, there are also defects in joint development.
"Now it is not united, or because companies have food and a market. If there is really no market, it should be united." Wang Fengying, vice president of Great Wall Motors, reluctantly told reporters interviewed by "Car Watch", "Everybody You can do it yourself and do your own. If you can't do it yourself, it's time to unite."
On the evening of November 25, 2008, a joint venture funded by BorgWarner and China’s China Development Alliance was formally signed in Beijing. So far, nearly 10 months, led by the National Development and Reform Commission, China Unicom, jointly established by 12 Chinese vehicle companies, and BorgWarner, the US automatic transmission giant, jointly produced and developed a dual clutch transmission project. The signing ceremony announced that the total investment of the joint venture company was 200 million U.S. dollars (1.38 billion yuan). The two parties form a joint venture to form Borg Warner Double Clutch Drive System Co., Ltd., of which BorgWarner (China) Investment Co., Ltd. holds a share ratio of 66%. China Zhongfa Lian Investment Co., Ltd. (by FAW, SAIC, Dongfeng, Chang'an, Chery, Jinbei, etc.) GAC, JAC, Geely, Changfeng, Zhongshun and Great Wall constitute 34% of the shares. But the controversy followed. Industry insiders are concerned that with such a large-scale joint development, China’s possession of a minority stake will threaten BorgWarner’s spur of a technical monopoly and enable 12 automakers to obtain key technologies that are not yet clear. It is "bound" by BorgWarner technology.
"Already many car companies have discovered that, except for individual large-scale automobile enterprises such as FAW and SAIC, even if they have a module, it is difficult to independently produce an automatic transmission assembly. The automatic transmission assembly is also a technology that China has not yet attacked." Car executives believe that "BorgWarner is equally advanced in this area and is the target of choice, but it is no different from technology binding."
“It is ultimately up to the companies themselves whether or not 12 companies can sit down on a table and share dinner. However, the China Development Association urges everyone to reach such a consensus.†Zhongfa United Investment Co., Ltd., which has teamed up with 12 Chinese car companies (abbreviated as Zhongfa United, the person in charge of HD, explained the role of the company. China Hairlink has been established for more than a year. Twelve companies have not been able to produce their own products.
"Whatever the case, the joint development model should be positive. From a near-term perspective, it can realize localization of automatic transmissions, and it will be beneficial to mastering technologies in the long-term." Zhang Renqi, president of China Hairlink, said that the investment projects of China Development Alliance will not be limited to DCT. Officials of the National Development and Reform Commission have already communicated with China Development Alliance on the next investment project. When the China-U.S. can not avoid embarrassment, a new model of joint development came into being. In December 2009, an innovative alliance of automotive automatic transmission assemblies initiated by the China Gear Professional Association, the China Society of Automotive Engineers and the Academy of Mechanical Sciences, was established in Beijing a few days ago. The alliance aims to jointly research and develop to form the independent innovation ability of China's energy-saving transmission assembly, break through foreign technology blockade, and form an autonomous automatic transmission assembly industry. The goal of the alliance is to strive for an annual production capacity of 1 million units after 3 years, an annual production capacity of 3 million units after 5 years, an annual industrial sales income of 30 billion yuan, and an industrial scale of nearly 6 billion yuan in profits and taxes. Each year it can save 3 billion litres of fuel for the country, reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 7.2 million tons, and drive 500,000 new jobs in the upstream and downstream industries.
“The real reason for restricting China’s transmission R&D is that we have not developed in accordance with the law of the development of the industry chain.†Li Shengqi, secretary-general of the Auto Transaxle Innovation League, pointed out the root cause of the “Car Watch†reporter’s statement. “The previous production and research They are all peer-to-peer and have not formed a chain. Although we have achieved many results in many areas, we have not formed a final joint effort."
As an innovation alliance consisting entirely of domestic enterprises, schools, and research departments, Secretary-General Li Shengqi charges them.
Full of confidence. “We are an open alliance and I am confident that within three to four years, we will develop automatic transmissions with completely independent intellectual property rights.†Joint development is not everyone's house, but the integration of resources, and everyone picks up firewood more than a single person. The water opens fast.
New technologies and new ways
After years of development, although China has formed a number of transmission companies with considerable size. However, most local transmission companies continue to carry out independent innovation on the basis of introducing, digesting, and absorbing advanced foreign technologies, mainly in the field of manual transmission.
In the field of automatic transmissions, the products of independent innovation are almost blank, and there are no shortages of people and companies who have devoted themselves to the development of automatic transmissions. It is regrettable that they have not been able to achieve industrialization. In the face of the fact that the domestic automatic transmission has not been able to obtain the core technology to achieve mass production under the circumstances, it was proposed: "Can the transmission industry be the same as Sohu's launch of Sogou and open up new paths."
At the beginning of Sogou’s establishment, Sohu’s idea was to seek Sogou’s search engine to compete with Sohu’s background and compete with Baidu for success in capturing the commercial interests of the search engine market. However, for various reasons, Sogou search engine did not succeed, but it was caught in a development bottleneck. In 2006, the domestic input method was in an endless stream. The sudden emergence of Sogou input method attracted many people's attention. Less than three years, it occupied more than 60% of user desktops and achieved great success. Perhaps it is true that all roads lead to Rome, and perhaps another new path can be developed for better development.
Does the development of Sogou also give a hint to the local transmission enterprises: Is it that our independent development must take the old road that others have gone through?
“When I was studying in Germany and other places, I discovered that people did not regard CVT and DCT as mainstream technologies like domestic ones. People think of these as a transitional technology.†Chen Changping, Minister of Armament Department of China Automotive Engineering Society, for domestic companies The development mentality expressed concern. In the end what kind of road, maybe this is the question of the transmission industry.
"With new technologies emerging, it is very likely that newer and more satisfactory transmissions will be born in the future." Professor Song Jian, executive dean of the Institute of Automotive Engineering at Tsinghua University, is confident in the future of automotive transmissions. When we find that it is not suitable for ourselves to follow the path taken by others, think about it in another way. Perhaps we have become leaders in this industry.
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