I. Fire protection requirements for general jobs or positions
Every job or employee in the company should do the fire prevention work according to the following requirements:
1. Conscientiously abide by fire regulations, fire safety rules and regulations, and operating procedures to ensure fire safety.
2. Understand and master the fire hazard and fire prevention measures and accident emergency measures of this unit, this type of work, and this position.
3. Receive fire safety education and training, and master the fire fighting skills required for your job, such as the performance of fire protection facilities.
4. The hidden dangers of fire accidents should be reported to the superiors in a timely manner to eliminate fire hazards in a timely manner and actively correct and stop violations of fire regulations.
5, master the basic skills of self-defense, will alarm, will use fire-fighting equipment, will save the initial fire, will organize evacuation, will carry out fire propaganda.
6. Identify your obligations and responsibilities in the fire fighting and emergency evacuation plan, and actively participate in fire drills.
7. The fire-fighting equipment shall not be damaged or unauthorizedly dismantled, dismantled or deactivated, fire hydrants shall not be occupied, fire-proof intervals shall not be occupied, and fire-fighting passages shall not be blocked.
8. It is forbidden to bring fire to enter the production and storage of flammable and explosive places. It is forbidden to illegally carry inflammable and explosive dangerous goods into public places or take a commuter vehicle under the pit.
Second, common fire hazards
Existing or potential unsafe factors that may pose a fire hazard are called fire hazards. Generally speaking, one of the following conditions can be identified as a fire hazard:
1. If the layout of the building is unreasonable, it may spread after the fire or affect the safety of other buildings;
2. If the structure and fire resistance of the building do not match the nature of its use, it does not meet the requirements of fire protection regulations;
3. The ventilation heating system, electrical equipment and interior decoration of the building do not meet the requirements;
4, fire, heat, power from the fuel closer, such as stoves, furnaces, boilers, chimneys, steam, electric appliances, gas coal stoves, gas water heaters, or gas pipes near combustible fuel structure;
5. There is a source of fire in the fire zone;
6. Electrical equipment in places with high flammability and explosive risk does not meet the requirements for fire and explosion protection;
7. Failure to install lightning protection facilities as required, or failure of lightning protection equipment;
8. The static elimination device should be installed without being installed, or the electrostatic device does not meet the requirements and fails;
9. Electric welders, electricians, painters, etc., who are engaged in operational hazards with fire hazards do not have common knowledge of fire fighting, and have not been employed for safety education and training;
10. Personnel who produce, manage or store inflammable and explosive materials are not trained in firefighting and do not have the safety knowledge to work;
11. Insufficient fire water source;
12. Failure to equip the fire-fighting equipment or fire-fighting equipment as required and damaged;
13. Damage or unauthorized use, removal or deactivation of fire-fighting equipment and facilities, such as burying and ringing fire hydrants;
14. Occupy the fire separation distance, such as stacking combustible materials within the fire separation interval;
15. Set up staff quarters in the workshop and warehouse;
16. The production, storage, transportation and packaging of flammable materials do not conform to the provisions, and the contradictory items are mixed;
17. Fixed fire-fighting facilities such as indoor fire hydrant system, automatic sprinkler system and automatic alarm system do not meet the requirements;
18. Lack of fire prevention system and corresponding measures, the staff does not understand the knowledge of fire prevention and fire fighting;
19. The type of electrical equipment is not compatible with the place of use, and the electrical equipment is in poor contact and lacks safety devices;
20. There are few safe evacuation exits, fire exits that do not meet the requirements or block fire exits, no evacuation signs, no accidents or fires affecting evacuation and fire vehicles, affecting water use.
Third, four basic methods of fire prevention
1. Control of combustibles
Combustibles are the material basis of the combustion process. Controlling combustibles means that there are no combustible conditions or a narrow combustion range in the three elements of combustion.
In places with fire and explosion hazards, strengthen ventilation to reduce the concentration of flammable gases, steam and dust in the air, so as to control below the lower explosion limit; limit the storage of flammable materials, and will be able to interact with the object, Store separately; timely remove the flammable materials that are dripping on the ground or contaminated on the equipment.
2, isolated air
Insulation of air is the lack of combustion-supporting conditions, that is, oxidants, in the three elements of combustion.
If the air is stored in certain chemicals, the sodium is stored in the kerosene and the phosphorus is stored in the water; the production process using flammable and explosive materials should be carried out in sealed containers and equipment; for the production of abnormal danger, it can be filled. Inert gas protection.
3, eliminate the source of fire
Eliminating the source of ignition means that there is no fire source that causes combustion in the three elements of combustion. .
For example, in places with fire hazard, open flame lighting is strictly prohibited, smoking or wearing shoes with nails are strictly prohibited; grounding anti-static; lightning protection device is installed to prevent lightning strikes; use explosion-proof electrical equipment in places where fire may be caused by inflammable and explosive materials, such as Explosion-proof lamps; measures to isolate fire sources, control temperature, and block sunlight.
4. Stop the spread of fire and blast waves
In order to prevent the spread of fire and blast waves, it is necessary to prevent the formation of new combustion conditions, that is, to block the interaction of the three elements of combustion and the conditions of mutual integration, thereby preventing fire expansion and reducing fire damage.
For example, a flame arrester and a safety water seal are installed on the flammable gas pipeline; the exhaust and exhaust system of the motor vehicle, the bulldozer and the like are equipped with a fireproof cap or a fireproof cover; an explosion-proof membrane and a safety valve are installed on the pressure vessel equipment; Leave a fire gap and build a firewall.
Fourth, fire alarm
The alarm is early and the loss is small. Anyone who finds a fire at any time and place should call the police immediately. When an alarm occurs, the appropriate method should be selected according to the fire. First of all, it is necessary to send a fire alarm signal to nearby personnel. At the same time, the fire brigade should be reported in the quickest way, and then the unit leader and relevant departments should be notified. This is the basic procedure of the alarm. After the fire alarm "119" is dialed, don't panic, you should make the following clear:
1. The detailed address of the fire location, such as the district, county, and street number.
2. The part of the fire, the substance of the fire, the size of the fire, whether there are people trapped, etc.
3. The name and telephone number of the alarm person for contact. It is necessary to pay attention to the inquiries of the fire brigade on duty, to answer correctly and concisely, and wait until the on-duty personnel explain that the fire brigade has gone to the fire to hang up. After the alarm, as soon as possible to the unit door or intersection to meet the fire truck, and take the fire truck to the fire.
4, the precautions of the alarm
(1) Once you find a fire, you should observe it calmly, understand the fire situation, choose the appropriate way to report the alarm, and don't panic or delay time.
(2) When alerting nearby people, try to make the surrounding people understand where and what is on fire, to inform people to fight the fire, or to let them evacuate urgently. If the fire is in the initial stage and cannot cause serious harm in a short period of time, attention should be paid to the method and scope of the fire, to avoid people panicking due to unclear circumstances, to escape from the situation, to lose control of the situation, and to cause a large number of casualties.
(3) Alarms should be issued in time after a fire. Do not delay or report the best time for fire extinguishing due to certain factors, resulting in a small fire causing a serious disaster.
Five, dry powder fire extinguisher
When extinguishing a fire, you can carry the fire extinguisher by hand or shoulder to the fire, and put down the fire extinguisher about 5 meters away from the burning place. The operator will open the safety pin on one hand and then hold the root of the nozzle at the front end of the spray hose. The other hand will open the pressure cap and press the fire extinguisher to fire the fire. When using, one hand should always press down the pressure handle, can not let go, otherwise, the spray will be interrupted. If outdoors, choose to spray in the upwind or side wind direction.
If a trolley type dry powder fire extinguisher is used, it is generally operated by two people. When using, the two people will push or pull the fire extinguisher to the burning place, stop at about 10 meters from the combustibles, and quickly remove the horn and deploy the spray hose. After that, hold the root of the horn, aim at the root of the flame or the most violent place. The other person pulls out the safety pin and pulls the lever up. The fire extinguishing method is the same as that of the hand. When a dry powder fire extinguisher is used to extinguish a flammable or flammable liquid fire, it should be directed at the root of the flame. If the liquid fire that has been saved is burning, it should be pointed at the root of the flame and swept left and right until the flame is extinguished. If the flammable liquid is burned in the container, the user should align the left and right sides of the flame so that the sprayed dry powder covers the entire open surface of the container; when the flame is driven out of the container, the user should continue to spray until the flame is completely extinguished. When extinguishing a flammable liquid fire in a container, care should be taken not to directly align the nozzle with the liquid surface to prevent the impact of the jet from splashing out the flammable liquid to expand the fire.
When fighting a solid fire, aim at the most violent place, and sweep up and down, left and right. If conditions permit, the user can spray the fire extinguisher along the four sides of the burning material, so that the dry powder fire extinguishing agent is sprayed on the surface of the burning material until the flame is completely extinguished.
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