The main purpose of phosphorus phosphorus ore is an important component of all organisms on Earth nucleus, photosynthetic and metabolic processes for life processes play an important role. It can be said that there is no life without phosphorus. Phosphorus is one of the three essential nutrients for plant growth. Phosphate fertilizer and phosphate compound fertilizer have a great effect on the growth and yield increase of crops. Phosphate rock is the initial raw material for the manufacture of all phosphorus compounds, and it is also a general term for phosphate minerals that can be used economically. [1] Phosphate is mainly used to produce phosphate fertilizer and phosphate compound fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer is one of the three basic chemical fertilizers. Phosphate ore consumed in phosphate fertilizer production in China accounts for about 80% of total phosphate ore consumption. Phosphate rock can also be used to make yellow phosphorus, phosphoric acid, phosphide and other phosphate products.
Phosphate reserves at home and abroad In 2005, the world's phosphate reserves were 18 billion tons, and the basic reserves were 50 billion tons, of which more than 80% were concentrated in Morocco, the United States, South Africa, Jordan and China. Sorted by reserves and basic reserves, Morocco ranks first, China is second, and the United States is third. China's phosphate resources are relatively abundant. By the end of 2006, the reserves of retained resources were 16.982 billion tons, of which reserves were 1.411 billion tons, basic reserves were 3.696 billion tons, and resources were 13.286 billion tons. Although there are many phosphate resources in China, the average grade of phosphate ore in China is only 17%, while the average acceptable grade is generally above 23%. In the near-term, the basic reserves available in the technical and economical form account for only about 24% of the total reserves of resources, while the resources that are difficult to use account for 76%, indicating that the mining and processing of phosphate rock in China is more difficult. In order to meet the demand for phosphate fertilizer in agricultural production, China's phosphate ore consumption will increase from 35.79 million tons in 2001 to 57.11 million tons in 2020. Compared with demand, the phosphate ore gap is expected to be 8 million tons and 10 million tons in 2010 and 2020, respectively. At present, the available years of phosphorus resource rich ore in China is less than 10 years. Even with the addition of medium and low grade ore resources, the useful life is only 50 to 60 years. Therefore, phosphate rock has been listed as one of the 20 minerals that China cannot meet the needs of national economic development after 2010. [2] Phosphorus Resources of Yanfu Group Yufu (Group) Co., Ltd. is a state-owned large-scale enterprise integrating phosphorus mining and mining, phosphate compound fertilizer, phosphorus coal chemical industry, fluorine and iodine chemical production, scientific research and trade. It is one of the five major phosphate fertilizer bases invested and constructed by the state during the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†and “Ninth Five-Year Planâ€.
The Yanfu Phosphorite Mine is located at the north-south tectonic belt of Sichuan-Yunnan. The total area of ​​the mining area is 58km2. It consists of two mining areas, Gaoping and Baiyan, and is a large marine sedimentary phosphate rock deposit. The industrial phosphate rock layer-b layer deposit in Gaoping mining area is located in the fourth section of the Sinian system of the Upper Sinian of the Sinian (Z1-4 b), and the secondary pleated Gaoping anticline of the Baiyan-Gaoping anticline is distributed. control. The a- and b-layers of the industrial phosphate rock strata in the Baiyan mining area are located in the fourth section of the Sinian system of the Upper Sinian Group (Z1-4 b), and the secondary folds of the Baiyan-Gaoping anticline are distributed. Oblique control. The total retained reserves in the planned area of ​​Yanfu Phosphorus Mine are 491.192 million tons, and the average grade of P2O5 is 25.23%. Among them, the ore reserves of open pit mining are 13,009,110,000 tons, the average grade of P2O5 is 27.36%, and the ore reserves of underground mining are 36,119,900 tons, and the average grade of P2O5. 24.46%. The industrial phosphate deposit in the Gaoping mining area is the b-layer ore, and the industrial phosphate deposit in the Baiyan mining area is the second layer, namely the a-layer or b-layer ore. The a-seed reserves account for 55% of the total reserves of the ore; the b-series reserves account for the total 45% of reserves. The industrial phosphorite rock ore in the mining area is single and is fluorocarbon apatite. Among the six ore sections within the planning range of Gaoping and Baiyan mining areas in the Yanfu Phosphorus Mine, the P2O5 geological grades of the Yingping ore section and the millstone section of the Yingfang ore section are all above 26%, and other ore bodies are The geological grade of P2O5 is between 19% and 25%. The P2O5 geological grade of Yingping section gradually decreases from top to bottom, and other ore sections have similar phenomena. The caverns in the Baiyan mining area and the Datang section have a large number of layers. Mines have different mineral processing characteristics, and the mineral resources, ore body occurrence conditions, mining technical conditions and ore properties of each ore section are quite different. Exploration and practice of developing medium and low grade phosphate rock
Development of ore reverse flotation collector
The design of the Yanfu Phosphorus Mine Project was selected to be 30.75% of the original ore grade P2O5, 35.5% of the concentrate grade P2O5, and MgO less than or equal to 1.5%. However, due to the needs of the market, high grade (P2O5 30% or more) ore is continuously exploited, resulting in a decline in ore mining grades in the mining area; in the trial production from 1996 to 1999, as long as the original ore grade P2O5 is less than 28%, or MgO When it is more than 5%, the produced phosphate concentrate is a non-conforming product, causing a great waste. Yanfu Mining Area has 820 million tons of phosphate ore with geological reserves, of which more than 80% are carbonate-type phosphate rock. The average grade of P2O5 is only 25%. It is necessary to be matched with P2O5 30.75% ore. It is not only difficult to mine, but also About 50% of the resources are not available. In order to allow the state to invest more than 5 billion yuan to build a mineral fertilizer project that can fully play its role, the Yanfu Phosphorus Mine has carried out research on the mineral processing of carbonate-type phosphate rock below P2O528%. After analysis, the test direction of the Yanfu Phosphorus Mine is as follows: the medium and low grade carbonate type phosphate rock is used as the raw material, and the product (phosphorus concentrate) is the superior product of the wet method phosphoric acid (standard number HG/T2673-95). As a standard, find suitable collectors from a wide range of selected collectors. Through continuous trials and comparisons, the Yanfu Phosphate Mine successfully developed a new collector, WF-01. WF-01 using as collector sorting high-grade ores, concentrates averaged 0.95% magnesium oxide, the average rate of fine mineral 79.50%, P2O5 average recovery was 95.53%. Using WF-01 as a collector to select low grade (25-26%) ore, the average magnesia of concentrate is 0.97%, the average yield of concentrate is 68.29%, and the recovery rate of concentrate P2O5 is 90.86%. The main role of WF-01 is to solve the problem of mineral processing of a large number of low-grade carbonate-type phosphate rock phosphate mines. It can select P2O5>22% and MgO 6-7% raw ore by large industrial production. Phosphorus concentrate with P2O534% or less and MgO1.2% or less. Because WF-01 solves the problem of low-grade ore mining from the technical point of view, making full use of the geological reserves of phosphate ore becomes a reality, increasing the prospective reserves of industrial mining and extending the service life of mine production. Therefore, the development and utilization of WF-O1 has good social and economic benefits in making full use of mineral resources. Industrial production has proved that the use of WF-01 as a low-grade ore anti-flotation collector for carbonate-type phosphorite is successful, as shown in the following aspects:
The collection performance is good, the selectivity is strong, the selected phosphorus concentrate has high grade, the impurity MgO content is low, and the recovery rate of concentrate P2O5 is high.
Good foaming performance, stable foam, no stickiness, good fluidity, no defoaming device for tailings treatment, good tailing water permeability.
The amount of sulfuric acid in the adjusting agent is significantly reduced, which is beneficial to reducing the production cost and reducing the corrosion and scaling of the equipment.
The dosage of the medicine is low, and only the amount of the medicine is saved. The annual production cost can be saved by 13.810 million yuan, the annual transportation of the medicine is reduced by more than 10,000 tons, and the transportation cost is saved by more than 5.2 million yuan.
Reduce labor intensity, purify the working environment of the workshop, simplify operating procedures, and improve labor efficiency.
Mixed ore recovery and utilization of a layer of ore
The Yanfu Phosphorus Mine consists of two mining areas, Gaoping and Baiyan. The ore type in the Gaoping mining area is dominated by calcareous phosphate rock (called b-layer ore), while the b-layer ore in Baiyan mining area only accounts for 45%, and another 55%. It is a siliceous calcium phosphate rock (called a-layer ore). The main components of the a-layer ore are P2O525.0%, MgO3.0%, SiO220.0%, and R2O33.0%. Concentrator original design layer b mainly selected from mineral-based, phosphate concentrate production, A layer made of mineral except for a small amount of phosphorus, most because there are some difficulties beneficiation technique is not used. In order to make full use of limited mineral resources and improve the utilization rate of minerals, the Yanfu Phosphorus Mine has carried out (a+b) mixed beneficiation research and achieved good beneficiation in order to comprehensively recover a layer of ore after successful development of new ore dressing agents. The index has improved the utilization rate of ore. Through the partial transformation of the existing concentrating plant, the partial distribution and ore supply facilities have been increased, and the purpose of comprehensive utilization of mineral resources has been achieved. Through the implementation and transformation of the project, the recovery rate of the a-layer mine increased by 6.86% and the yield increased by 5.58%. According to the calculation of 20 years, it can recover more than 698,000 tons of high-quality phosphate concentrate and extend the service life of mine resources for 5 years. While bringing economic benefits to enterprises, it also produced good social benefits.
Tailings re-election
The original design capacity of Xinlongba Concentrator of Qifu Phosphate Mine is 2.5 million t/a. After expansion and transformation, the annual production capacity has reached 3.6 million tons. The annual production of phosphate concentrate is 2.5 million tons and the tailings are discharged 1.1 million tons/a. According to the chemical analysis of the tailings, the tailings contain an average of P7.8, 5.78% and MgO15.98%. If the tailings can be secondly enriched and recovered, not only can the phosphate resources be fully utilized, the tailings emissions can be reduced and the tailings storage pressure can be reduced, and more economic benefits can be created for the enterprise. Phosphate resources are non-renewable resources. In order to maximize the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, a large number of experimental studies have been carried out in the Yanfu Phosphate Rock Solidification Center. It is found that some tailings are graded and reground and WF-01 collectors are used. And WFS (phosphoric acid plant wastewater) as a regulator still uses reverse flotation process, can contain P2O 56 ~ 8%, MgO about 15% of tailings, after re-election to obtain P2O5 ≥ 28%, MgO 2.5 ~ 4% Phosphate concentrate, P2O5 recovery rate of about 50% of the total tailings P2O5, concentrate yield of about 13%, so that the total concentrate yield increased by more than 4%, the total recovery rate increased from 90% to more than 95%. After the project has been demonstrated and implemented, through one year of construction, the test has been successfully completed and successfully completed, forming the ability to use the original tailings of 1.1 million t / a, the new production of 144,000 t / a concentrate. The tailings re-election only invested 15.1425 million yuan. If a new medium mine with good ore grade is built, according to the annual output of 144,000 tons of concentrate, it is necessary to build a mining equipment with a mining capacity of 300,000 t/a, which requires an investment of about 150 million yuan. The tailings re-election project not only further improves the utilization rate of the country's limited resources, but also reduces the amount of waste tailings emissions, in line with the national “energy saving and emission reduction†guidelines and policies. Good economic, social and environmental benefits have been generated. Yufu has been committed to the development of low-grade phosphate mines since its completion and operation. Although it has achieved certain results through limited trials, Yufu, as a state-owned enterprise with a sense of social responsibility and mission, will continue to spare no effort for China. The mining industry is making unremitting efforts.
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