Many factors affecting the reliability of UPS batteries . Even if the UPS uses the same battery technology, the battery life of different manufacturers is very different. This is very important for users because the cost of replacing the battery is very high (about 30% of the UPS price). ). A battery failure can reduce the reliability of the system and is very annoying.
Battery temperature affects battery reliability
Temperature has a large effect on the natural aging process of the battery. Detailed experimental data shows that for every 5 degrees Celsius rise in temperature, battery life drops by 10%, so the UPS should be designed to keep the battery as hot as possible. All online and backup/online hybrid UPSs generate more heat than backup or online interactive UPS (so the former installs a fan), which is also an important part of the backup or online interactive UPS battery replacement cycle. the reason.
Battery charger design affects battery reliability
A very important part of the battery charger UPS, the battery charging conditions have a great impact on battery life. If the battery is always in a state of constant voltage or "floating" electrical charging, the UPS battery life can be maximized. In fact, the life of the battery state of charge is much longer than the life of the simple storage state. Because battery charging can delay the natural aging process of the battery, the UPS should keep the battery charged regardless of whether it is running or stopped.
Battery voltage affects battery reliability
The battery is composed of a single "primary battery". Each primary battery voltage is about 2 volts. The primary battery is connected in series to form a higher voltage battery. A 12 volt battery consists of 6 primary batteries, and the 24 volt battery consists of 12 batteries. A primary battery composition and so on. When the UPS's battery is charged, each of the connected primary batteries is charged. A slightly different primary battery performance will result in some primary battery charging voltages higher than other primary batteries, and some of these batteries will age prematurely. As long as the performance of a primary battery connected in series is degraded, the performance of the entire battery will also decrease. Tests have shown that the battery life is related to the number of galvanic cells connected in series. The higher the battery voltage, the faster the aging.
When the UPS capacity is fixed, the battery voltage should be designed as low as possible, so that the UPS battery life is longer. When the battery voltage is constant, the battery with a small number of primary batteries should be selected in series. Do not select a large number of low-voltage primary batteries in series. Battery. Some manufacturers have higher battery voltages for UPS. This is because the higher the voltage, the lower the current, and the thinner wires and semiconductors with lower power can be used to reduce the cost of the UPS. The battery voltage of a UPS with a capacity of about 1KVA is generally 24 to 96V.
Battery ripple current affects battery reliability
Ideally, in order to extend the life of the UPS battery, the battery should always be kept in a "floating" or constant voltage state. In this state of state, a fully charged battery will absorb a small charger current, which is called a "floating" or "self-discharging" current. Despite the battery manufacturer's recommendation, some UPS designs (many in-line) expose the battery to some extra small current called ripple current. The ripple current is generated when the battery is continuously powered to the inverter, because according to the principle of energy conservation, the inverter must have input DC power to generate an AC output. In this way, the battery forms a small charge and discharge cycle, and the frequency of the charge and discharge current is twice the UPS output frequency (50 or 60 Hz).
Ordinary backup, online interactive or backup/ferromagnetic UPS will not have ripple current, other designs of UPS will produce ripple current of different sizes, depending on the specific design method. Just check the structure diagram of the UPS to see if the UPS can generate ripple current.
If the battery of the online UPS is between the charger and the inverter, then the battery will have ripple current, which is a common "double conversion" UPS.
If the battery is isolated from the inverter with a cut-off diode, relay, converter or rectifier, the battery will not have ripple current. Of course, UPSs of this design are not always "online", so this type of UPS is called a "mixed backup/online" UPS.
to sum up
The battery is the most unreliable part of the UPS system, but the design of the UPS directly affects the reliability of the battery. Keeping the battery charged (even if the UPS is shut down) can extend the life of the battery and avoid using a UPS with a high battery voltage. Some UPS designs can cause ripple current in the battery, causing unnecessary overheating of the battery. Most UPSs use similar batteries, but different UPS designs can significantly affect battery life.
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