The ore dressing method mainly includes hand selection, re-election and flotation. Among them, there are more concentrating plants using flotation, followed by hand selection, and fewer re-election plants. A few antimony ore dressing plants use a single flotation process, and most of the antimony ore dressing plants use a combined process, such as a hand-flotation process, a hand-re-selection-flotation process.
There are 25 selected factories in China's state-owned antimony mines, including 22 main antimony concentrates and 3 by-product concentrates. The comprehensive daily processing capacity is 6540t, and the main production selection plant is 4190t. Among them, there are three seats with a daily processing capacity of 1000t or more, two seats of 500t or more, 14 seats of 100t or more, and six of them of 100t or less. Single antimony sulfide ore processing are 11, 3 thioredoxin mixing process of antimony, antimony-containing multi-processing 11 metal ore. The main technical and economic indicators of mineral processing, in 1996 represented the technical and economic indicators of state-owned mining in the 1990s: 锑 锑 ore grade 1.78%, 锑 concentrate grade 24.29%, tailings grade 0.28%, ore dressing metal actual recovery rate 85.24%, workers in kind Labor productivity is 936.82t / (person • a).
The commercial antimony concentrate obtained from the ore beneficiation shall be in accordance with the quality standard of antimony concentrate (YB2419-82) formulated by the national nonferrous metal industry.
锑Equal quality standard (YB2419-82)
category | grade | 锑 not less than (%) | Impurities not greater than (%) | ||
arsenic | lead | ||||
Antimony sulfide concentrate 1 | Powder concentrate | First level | 55 | 0.6 | 0.15 |
Secondary | 45 | 0.6 | 0.15 | ||
Third level | 35 | 0.4 | 0.15 | ||
Level four | 30 | 0.4 | 0.15 | ||
Block concentrate | First level | 60 | 0.6 | 0.15 | |
Secondary | 50 | 0.6 | 0.15 | ||
Third level | 40 | 0.4 | 0.15 | ||
Level four | 30 | 0.4 | 0.15 | ||
Five levels | 20 | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||
Six levels | 10 | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||
Mixed antimony concentrate 2 | Powder concentrate | First level | 55 | 0.6 | 0.15 |
Secondary | 45 | 0.6 | 0.15 | ||
Third level | 35 | 0.4 | 0.15 | ||
Level four | 30 | 0.4 | 0.15 | ||
Block concentrate | First level | 60 | 0.6 | 0.15 | |
Secondary | 50 | 0.6 | 0.15 | ||
Third level | 40 | 0.4 | 0.15 | ||
Level four | 30 | 0.4 | 0.15 | ||
Five levels | 20 | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||
Six levels | 10 | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||
Antimony oxide concentrate 3 | Block concentrate | First level | 60 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
Secondary | 50 | 0.6 | 0.2 | ||
Third level | 40 | 0.4 | 0.15 | ||
Note: When the gold content in the antimony concentrate reaches the industrial grade, the analytical data should be reported: 1 the ratio of the antimony content in the antimony sulfide to the total antimony content in the concentrate is greater than 85%; 2 the antimony content and the fine in the antimony sulfide The ratio of the total strontium content in the ore is in the range of 15% to 85%; the ratio of the strontium content in the strontium sulfide to the total strontium content in the concentrate is less than 15%.
There are two methods of smelting smelting: fire method and wet method. The mineral raw materials used in China are mainly sulfide ore (bronze ore), followed by oxidized ore and complex antimony ore (mainly brittle bismuth ore). These ores usually use a beneficiation method to select rich ore and concentrate for smelting.
1. Fire method: The sulfide ore is volatilized or smelted to make Sb 2 S 3 into Sb 2 O 3 (commonly known as helium oxygen), and then reduced and smelted and refined to become metal ruthenium. It is also possible to directly produce crude ruthenium by precipitation smelting.
2. Oxygen production: There are 4 methods: 1 volatilization roasting of barium sulfide ore; 2 flash volatilization roasting of barium sulfide concentrate; 3 volatilization of sulphur bromide concentrate blast furnace; 4 vulcanization of vulcanized sulphide concentrate vortex furnace.
3. Reduction smelting and pyrometallurgical refining: Volatile roasting and volatile smelting produce less oxygen and contain less impurities. They are blended with coal and a small amount of soda ash (Na 2 CO 3 ), which is reduced and smelted into coarse enthalpy in a reverberatory furnace. If refining is required, the soda ash can be continuously added. After the alkali is melted, the compressed air is blown into the mash to perform alkaline refining.
4. Electrolytic refining: Refining by electrolytic method can obtain high purity bismuth and can recover precious metals and other valuable metals in the crude sorghum.
5. Precipitation smelting: This method is suitable for the treatment of rich ore, and it is not suitable for the treatment of lead-containing ore. Small-scale production of multi-purpose crucible furnaces, large-scale production reverberatory furnaces, and some factory electric furnaces.
6. Oxidized cerium ore smelting: smelting into a rough blast furnace with a blast furnace. The blast furnace has a wide adaptability range and can handle refractory ore. The ore grade is not strict, and some sulphide ore is allowed to be mixed in the oxidized ore. Smelting iron ore, limestone flux, coke as the reducing agent, the crude output of antimony.
7. Complex bismuth ore smelting: This is a kind of ore that is difficult to smelt. Guangxi Dachang uses fragile sulphur bismuth ore as raw material, roasting in a boiling furnace, reductive smelting in a reverberatory furnace, and producing crude alloys to smelt volatile sputum and smog. Reduction of smelting and refining to produce high-lead antimony and refined lead for electrolytic production of refined lead. After more than 10 years of production practice, it has matured and accumulated valuable experience for the treatment of complex bismuth ore.
Fire refining is a traditionally used production process at home and abroad. However, due to the serious environmental pollution caused by arsenic and sulfur during the smelting process, it is forced to apply a new wet process.
8. Wet refining: leaching out strontium sulfide concentrate with sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide solution, and reacting strontium sulfide with sodium sulfide to form sodium thioantimonite (Na 3 SbS 3 ) dissolved in water; The catholyte was subjected to electrolysis of a separator using a sodium hydroxide solution as an anolyte to obtain an electroythium containing 96% to 98% of cerium.
China has made gratifying progress in the research and application of wet refining. At the end of the 1980s, the "chlorination-hydrolysis method for the treatment of strontium sulfide concentrate to prepare bismuth white new technology test" has been formed in several enterprises, and the "new process for extracting sodium citrate directly from leaching solution" has also been studied. Used in production. The preparation of sodium citrate by chlorine (salt) oxidation has been used in production. Its characteristics are: strong adaptability of raw materials, antimony ore with high impurities such as lead can also be treated, and comprehensively recovering antimony and sulfur in raw materials, basically solving the problem of sulfur smoke pollution.
9. Whitening: The production of chalk (Sb 2 O 3 ) is one of the main uses of earthworms. China uses fine refining to produce whitening and generally uses a reverberatory furnace. The fine sputum is put into a reverberatory furnace to be melted, and once air is blown into the sputum, and secondary air is bubbled into the liquid surface to completely oxidize the hydrazine vapor. After the cerium oxide is discharged from the furnace, it merges with a large amount of cold air, rapidly cools, and enters the dust collecting system, which is a high quality whitening.
10, raw oysters: raw oysters, industrial pure Sb 2 O 3 , is obtained from the high-grade stibnite, it is needle-like crystal, also known as acupuncture. The sulphide sulphide lump ore is crushed to a particle size of 20 to 30 mm, and 1% to 2% of the soda ash flux is added to the reverberatory furnace. At 900 to 1000 ° C, the antimony trisulfide is melted out, the residue is removed, and the ingot is baked. That is, it contains oysters containing 71% to 73%.
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