Lighting wiring skills and control in electrical design

Lighting design is becoming more and more strict on the wiring of lamps, which makes the wiring problem more and more complicated. Especially for beginners, in the design process, it is easy to see more lines, less lines and mis-check lines. The phenomenon causes the design to enter a chaotic state, causing damage to the electrical equipment and even causing serious electrical accidents.

In the process of electrical lighting design, the designer must first carry out preliminary design according to the standard requirements of illumination, and then select various electric light source equipment, design lighting methods, determine the type of lighting, installation method, according to the specific requirements of the construction unit and the project. The part of the lamp is determined by the installation method and the design of the distribution line, the selection of the switchgear, the cross-sectional area of ​​the selected wire, the model, the specification, the number, etc., generally for the relatively complicated large-scale project, in the process of wiring the lamp, It is prone to errors, so this article summarizes the wiring skills based on practical experience. Since the control problem of the entire lighting electrical circuit is involved in the wiring process, it is necessary to first understand the composition of the lighting circuit.

Lighting electrical line control

The lighting circuit generally consists of four parts: power supply, control protector (miniature circuit breaker and switch), wiring and load (lamps and sockets).

1. Lighting distribution box floor lighting terminal box power supply is quoted from the main distribution box of the building or the transformer low-voltage distribution screen of the building. The room lighting power is generally quoted from the lighting terminal box of this floor.

Commonly used indoor lighting distribution box system, civil residential distribution box system, when the incoming line power is three-phase, pay attention to the distribution of load, try to achieve three-phase load balance.

Note: The electrical professional should provide the installation size and location of the selected lighting distribution box to the building professional so that the reserved hole can be done during the construction process.

2. There are many types of connection switches for switches and lines. The building electrical switches mainly include rocker switches, pull switches, speed switches and energy-saving switches. The installation methods are clear and concealed.

The rocker switch is usually installed on the load-bearing wall of the room and is concealed. The rated current of the switch contacts is 10Ao. Only two 2.5mm2 copper wires can be connected to each terminal. Therefore, in the planar design, there should be as few branch lines as possible at the switch. The installation position of the switch is 1.4m from the ground.

Illuminators, sockets, etc. are usually connected to both ends of the power supply line. The phase line (commonly known as the fire line) is switched to the lamp head, the neutral line is directly connected to the lamp head, and the protective ground wire is connected to the metal casing of the lamp. There are two ways to connect the lighting circuit, the common head wiring method, each illuminator, socket, switch, etc. are directly connected from the mains of the power supply, and the wiring method of the joint is allowed in the middle of the wire, which is called direct wiring method.

The connection of the wire can only be passed through the switch, the terminal of the device terminal, and the installation wiring method in which the connector is not allowed in the middle of the wire, which is called the common head wiring method. Although the common head wiring method consumes more wires, the wiring is reliable, and it is a widely used mounting wiring method.

3, lighting design wiring In the lighting wiring design, will involve three lines:

1 phase line: commonly known as fire line, symbol: L.

2 Neutral line: commonly known as the zero line, symbol: N.

3 protection line: commonly known as ground line, symbol: PE.

In the process of arranging the lamps, there may be a huge difference in threading due to different positions. Therefore, in order to facilitate the wiring, the wiring is completely distributed: the zero-line shed is worn, and the fire line is switched. Come out the control line and join with the zero knot.

Let's take the class 0 luminaire as an example to route the classroom. Each single switch controls 1 vertical fluorescent lamp.

Wiring instructions:

Wear in the zero-line shed: pass the zero wire drawn from the lighting distribution box through all the luminaires, ie the position of all the black lines in the picture;

Fire line switch: The fire wire drawn from the lighting distribution box is led to the switch when it encounters the switch;

Come out the control line: the fire line coming out of the switch becomes the control line, and several switches lead to several control lines (actually the control line is the fire line, in order to facilitate the memory to change the name).

Companion with zero knot: A control line should be placed on all parts with zero line.

The wiring is applied by the wiring port, and the circuit is simple and clear, and it is not easy to make mistakes, and the idea is clearly visible.

It is not easy to do this by understanding the electrical lighting plan, but it is not easy to do this because the electrical lighting plan on the design drawing is somewhat different from the representation on the actual wiring diagram.

When arranging lamps and paying off the line, "phase line enters the switch, the zero line enters the lamp head", which is the basic knowledge. But knowing that these are not enough, you need to know the number of lines that are placed between the fixture and the fixture. If the number of wires has been marked on the drawing (that is, the number of lamps marked with short slashes between the lamps in the figure), it can be released according to the installation; if there is no number of labels, the electrician needs to think independently to complete the release. Line work.

If you are wearing a dark pipe, you should be careful to avoid wearing or leaking the wire, which will cause difficulties in construction.

In the seven examples in the drawing, it can be seen from the electrical plan view and the actual wiring diagram that the number of discharge lines is different depending on the number of switches to control the number of lamps. The simple Figure 1 is a switch control lamp. When the switch is unipolar, the number of wires between the power supply line and the switch to the lamp is two.

In design, when the wire is two, it is generally not marked. Only when there are three or more wires, the number of roots is indicated by a short diagonal line (this figure is convenient for explanation, and the number of wires is also marked in two cases). As shown in Fig. 6, the two switches simultaneously control two lamp caps in two places and add two eye sockets. The number of payouts can be inferred from the actual wiring diagram. There are four wires between the two lamps, two control switches to each of the three lamps, and the incoming power cable is still two.

In the line connecting the socket, if the phase line of the socket is taken out from the switch box, remember that the pile head cannot be connected after the switch; otherwise, the socket is also controlled by the switch. Another point to note is that there is a big difference between the design drawing and the actual line drawing. Even the number of wires that are printed on the lighting chart sent by the design institute may not be accurate, and the wire should be re-checked when it is laid.

“Control” refers to the control mode of the switch button, which is generally divided into “single control” and “dual control”.

“Single unit single control” refers to a button to control a group of light sources; “double unit single control” refers to two single-control buttons on one panel, and these two buttons are one-way control lamps; “Single dual control” means that there are two buttons with a certain distance to control a group of light sources at the same time.