Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council pointed out at the fifth meeting of the Tenth National People's Congress that the government must "actively develop renewable energy sources and orderly develop alternative energy sources." Hainan is rich in biomass resources and has unique advantages. It can take the lead in exploring and developing the bio-energy industry in China. However, the conditions for large-scale development are not yet available.
Hainan has a good external environment for the development of biomass energy industry. First of all, China’s R&D of biomass energy technologies has made new breakthroughs and production costs have been declining. Second, the continued soaring of international oil prices has made it possible for biomass energy to replace fossil energy; the national “biofuel ethanol and automotive ethanol gasoline†In the “Special Development Planâ€, the focus is on supporting the production of fuel ethanol from non-grain raw materials such as cassava, sweet sorghum, and straw. This provides an unprecedented opportunity for Hainan to develop a biomass energy industry represented by fuel ethanol. Hainan provincial leaders attach great importance to the development of biomass energy industry. China's three major energy giants PetroChina, CNOOC, Sinopec, and the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and other departments also attach great importance and optimistic about the development of biomass energy industry in Hainan.
Hainan's three major advantages in the development of biomass energy First, the advantages of resources superior natural conditions. Hainan is located in the tropics and is suitable for the growth of energy plants such as cassava, sugarcane, sweet sorghum, oil palm and jatropha; the total land area of ​​the province is 3.442 million hectares, accounting for 42.5% of the country's tropical land area. It can be used for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, The land per capita is about 0.48 hectares; many crops can be harvested 2 to 3 times a year, and rotation, intercropping and intercropping of energy crops can also be achieved.
The reserve resources for the land are abundant and the potential for development is large. At present, Hainan Island has developed and utilized 3.154 million hectares of land and 260,000 hectares of unexploited land, of which approximately 90% can be used for large-scale agricultural development and utilization. Most of the wasteland to be developed and utilized is concentrically contiguous and suitable for reclamation and mechanical farming.
Agricultural and forestry waste resources are abundant. In Hainan Province, the annual output of sugar cane exceeds 5 million tons, resulting in 55-60,000 tons of bagasse. It is a high quality and inexpensive raw material for the production of furfural and xylitol, and about 200,000 tons of molasses, which can produce 50,000 tons of ethanol; banana planting With an area of ​​800,000 mu, banana stalks are also cheap raw materials for furfural and xylitol production. Each year, there are 5-10 million mu of reforestation forest, and rubber trees and other branches of trees destroyed by the typhoon are the main raw materials for the production of granular fuel. Alternative coal as a boiler fuel for the biomass energy industry. The unique and irreplaceable natural ecological environment has become Hainan's biggest feature and advantage in the development of biomass energy.
Second, geographical advantage The location advantage is obvious. Hainan is close to ASEAN. With the rapid advancement of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, the ASEAN countries, especially Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, can provide Hainan with sufficient, lower-cost energy plants. At the same time, the bio-fuel products produced in Hainan can be sold to the "Pearl River Delta" region of China and play its own functions for the "9+2" economic cooperation. It is understood that the annual demand for fuel ethanol in Guangdong Province reaches 800,000 tons, and raw material resources for producing fuel ethanol are scarce, which provides a huge market for fuel ethanol products in Hainan.
Unique market advantages. As a relatively independent geographic unit, Hainan Island has the market advantage of independently implementing biofuels, and it can take the lead in using a high proportion of biofuels and biodegradable plastics throughout the country. According to estimates, if the current total gasoline consumption of 390,000 tons in the island, the future emission standards to reach E20, ethanol demand is only 80,000 tons, Hainan has completed this production capacity.
Third, technological advantages In the development of bio-energy industry, Hainan Province has obvious technical advantages. Both the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering are very concerned about the development of Hainan. Hainan Province and Tsinghua University and other famous domestic universities and scientific research institutes have maintained cooperative relations all year round. They have combined with the provincial hospitals and the Hainan University to discuss the development of bioenergy in Hainan. The technologies for biomass raw material production, processing and conversion, and product application have carried out many years of research work, and have provided strong technical support for the development of the biomass energy industry in Hainan. Based on these three major advantages, Hainan's biomass energy can be explored first.
Hainan's Ideas and Objectives for Developing Biomass Energy Fu Chuanzhi, head of the Heavy Industry Department of the Bureau of Industrial Economy and Information Industry of Hainan Province, explained that Hainan’s goal for the development of the biomass energy industry should be at least:
Build a demonstration base for biomass materials and a national energy plant breeding base. Hainan's biomass energy industry uses cassava, sweet potato, sweet sorghum and other crops as raw materials to produce energy and chemical products. Therefore, it will support the construction of 1 million mu of cassava planting base, 200,000 mu of sweet sorghum planting base, and 500,000 mu of oil palm and jatropha trees. Planting bases; 100,000 mu of land will be used to cultivate excellent energy plant species and become a national energy plant breeding base.
Relying on large enterprises, creating a new industry structure. Through fair competition, the preferred choice of investment owners will rely mainly on large companies such as PetroChina, Sinopec and Hainan Farming. To form a biomass raw material base with Hainan farmland as its core, PetroChina to produce fuel ethanol and biomass chemical products, CNOOC to produce biodiesel, Coconut Island Group to produce fuel ethanol, and Anhui Fengyuan Biochemical to produce polylactic acid. Sinopec is responsible for fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Sales and equity participation in the industry structure.
Form an industrial chain. During the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, a scale industry with an annual output value of 9.48 billion yuan can be formed, and an energy plant breeding base, planting base, biomass energy and chemical base, breeding base recycling industry chain will be created, and 15,000 will be created for Hainan. Employment opportunities, as well as the development of farming, aquaculture and the automotive industry.
It is the first to use biomass energy in the province. Biofuels such as fuel ethanol and biodiesel are used throughout the province to formulate high-ethanol ethanol standards (E25 and E85), biodiesel standards (B5, B10, and B20) and biogas standards for vehicles, and promote E25% ethanol in advance. Gasoline, gradually increasing the ratio to 85%, is the first to use high-intaking biofuels in China.
Improve the ecology of Hainan through the construction of biomass raw material bases. Replacing the 1.35 million tons of crude oil and 700,000 tons of coal consumed in the province each year with biofuels, and correspondingly reducing 5 million tons of carbon dioxide. With the use of liquid biomass fuels, the Euro 4 standard will be implemented in Haikou, Sanya, and other cities, and then it will be extended to the entire province. Reduce carbon dioxide net emissions and particulate matter by promoting the use of biomass energy. It is the first to promote the use of biodegradable plastics in China and eliminate "white pollution" in Hainan Province.
Improve the priorities of the three rural areas. In the process of industrial development, priority is given to improving “three rural issuesâ€. Let farmers participate in the construction of biomass raw material bases, and increase farmers' income by 1 billion yuan each year. At the same time, farmers' consumption of fuelwood will be reduced, and biogas and biomass pellet fuels will be promoted to improve farmers' energy consumption.
The three major unfavorable factors for the development of bioenergy in Hainan are worth noting. Hainan is dominated by hills and many mountains and forests, and the available land resources are relatively limited. The nature of land is diversified. There are both state-owned and collective lands, as well as private and leased lands; the crops cultivated on the land also have diversity. Landowners are arbitrarily chosen for planting crops according to their own interests, and energy crops have limited land resources.
To make full use of land resources, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of land resources utilization: First, crop rotation, intercropping, and intercropping can be used to increase land use efficiency; second, use of good varieties to increase energy crop production; third, 260,000 hectares of Hainan still unexploited The land can be used to cultivate sugar-resistant cassava, sweet sorghum and other energy crops on these lands through industrial stimulation. Fourth, land resources in Southeast Asia can be used as a reserve base for biomass materials.
Second, planting cassava may cause water and soil loss and weaker soil. Lu Feijie, former director of the National Poverty Alleviation Office, introduced that cassava is the most cost-effective of energy crops and is suitable for planting in regions with relatively weak productivity. However, there are some soil erosion phenomena in the cultivation of cassava in wasteland. In Hainan, these areas are mainly concentrated in the central mountainous region and are important ecological protection areas and water sources in Hainan. They are not suitable for the large-scale cultivation of cassava. Experts suggested that this can be prevented by planting vetiver grass to prevent soil erosion, or by adopting equal height planting methods such as wow, green plough, and intercropping other crops.
Third, the balance of demand for raw materials between biomass energy and other industries. The development of the biomass energy industry in Hainan will affect the supply of raw materials for the existing 23 sugar factories and 16 starch factories, which will inevitably lead to conflicts of interest. To solve this problem, large energy companies can be stationed in Hainan for mergers and acquisitions under the voluntary conditions of both parties.
Based on the above three issues, the conditions for large-scale development of biomass energy in Hainan are not yet available.
Hainan has a good external environment for the development of biomass energy industry. First of all, China’s R&D of biomass energy technologies has made new breakthroughs and production costs have been declining. Second, the continued soaring of international oil prices has made it possible for biomass energy to replace fossil energy; the national “biofuel ethanol and automotive ethanol gasoline†In the “Special Development Planâ€, the focus is on supporting the production of fuel ethanol from non-grain raw materials such as cassava, sweet sorghum, and straw. This provides an unprecedented opportunity for Hainan to develop a biomass energy industry represented by fuel ethanol. Hainan provincial leaders attach great importance to the development of biomass energy industry. China's three major energy giants PetroChina, CNOOC, Sinopec, and the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and other departments also attach great importance and optimistic about the development of biomass energy industry in Hainan.
Hainan's three major advantages in the development of biomass energy First, the advantages of resources superior natural conditions. Hainan is located in the tropics and is suitable for the growth of energy plants such as cassava, sugarcane, sweet sorghum, oil palm and jatropha; the total land area of ​​the province is 3.442 million hectares, accounting for 42.5% of the country's tropical land area. It can be used for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, The land per capita is about 0.48 hectares; many crops can be harvested 2 to 3 times a year, and rotation, intercropping and intercropping of energy crops can also be achieved.
The reserve resources for the land are abundant and the potential for development is large. At present, Hainan Island has developed and utilized 3.154 million hectares of land and 260,000 hectares of unexploited land, of which approximately 90% can be used for large-scale agricultural development and utilization. Most of the wasteland to be developed and utilized is concentrically contiguous and suitable for reclamation and mechanical farming.
Agricultural and forestry waste resources are abundant. In Hainan Province, the annual output of sugar cane exceeds 5 million tons, resulting in 55-60,000 tons of bagasse. It is a high quality and inexpensive raw material for the production of furfural and xylitol, and about 200,000 tons of molasses, which can produce 50,000 tons of ethanol; banana planting With an area of ​​800,000 mu, banana stalks are also cheap raw materials for furfural and xylitol production. Each year, there are 5-10 million mu of reforestation forest, and rubber trees and other branches of trees destroyed by the typhoon are the main raw materials for the production of granular fuel. Alternative coal as a boiler fuel for the biomass energy industry. The unique and irreplaceable natural ecological environment has become Hainan's biggest feature and advantage in the development of biomass energy.
Second, geographical advantage The location advantage is obvious. Hainan is close to ASEAN. With the rapid advancement of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, the ASEAN countries, especially Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, can provide Hainan with sufficient, lower-cost energy plants. At the same time, the bio-fuel products produced in Hainan can be sold to the "Pearl River Delta" region of China and play its own functions for the "9+2" economic cooperation. It is understood that the annual demand for fuel ethanol in Guangdong Province reaches 800,000 tons, and raw material resources for producing fuel ethanol are scarce, which provides a huge market for fuel ethanol products in Hainan.
Unique market advantages. As a relatively independent geographic unit, Hainan Island has the market advantage of independently implementing biofuels, and it can take the lead in using a high proportion of biofuels and biodegradable plastics throughout the country. According to estimates, if the current total gasoline consumption of 390,000 tons in the island, the future emission standards to reach E20, ethanol demand is only 80,000 tons, Hainan has completed this production capacity.
Third, technological advantages In the development of bio-energy industry, Hainan Province has obvious technical advantages. Both the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering are very concerned about the development of Hainan. Hainan Province and Tsinghua University and other famous domestic universities and scientific research institutes have maintained cooperative relations all year round. They have combined with the provincial hospitals and the Hainan University to discuss the development of bioenergy in Hainan. The technologies for biomass raw material production, processing and conversion, and product application have carried out many years of research work, and have provided strong technical support for the development of the biomass energy industry in Hainan. Based on these three major advantages, Hainan's biomass energy can be explored first.
Hainan's Ideas and Objectives for Developing Biomass Energy Fu Chuanzhi, head of the Heavy Industry Department of the Bureau of Industrial Economy and Information Industry of Hainan Province, explained that Hainan’s goal for the development of the biomass energy industry should be at least:
Build a demonstration base for biomass materials and a national energy plant breeding base. Hainan's biomass energy industry uses cassava, sweet potato, sweet sorghum and other crops as raw materials to produce energy and chemical products. Therefore, it will support the construction of 1 million mu of cassava planting base, 200,000 mu of sweet sorghum planting base, and 500,000 mu of oil palm and jatropha trees. Planting bases; 100,000 mu of land will be used to cultivate excellent energy plant species and become a national energy plant breeding base.
Relying on large enterprises, creating a new industry structure. Through fair competition, the preferred choice of investment owners will rely mainly on large companies such as PetroChina, Sinopec and Hainan Farming. To form a biomass raw material base with Hainan farmland as its core, PetroChina to produce fuel ethanol and biomass chemical products, CNOOC to produce biodiesel, Coconut Island Group to produce fuel ethanol, and Anhui Fengyuan Biochemical to produce polylactic acid. Sinopec is responsible for fuel ethanol and biodiesel. Sales and equity participation in the industry structure.
Form an industrial chain. During the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, a scale industry with an annual output value of 9.48 billion yuan can be formed, and an energy plant breeding base, planting base, biomass energy and chemical base, breeding base recycling industry chain will be created, and 15,000 will be created for Hainan. Employment opportunities, as well as the development of farming, aquaculture and the automotive industry.
It is the first to use biomass energy in the province. Biofuels such as fuel ethanol and biodiesel are used throughout the province to formulate high-ethanol ethanol standards (E25 and E85), biodiesel standards (B5, B10, and B20) and biogas standards for vehicles, and promote E25% ethanol in advance. Gasoline, gradually increasing the ratio to 85%, is the first to use high-intaking biofuels in China.
Improve the ecology of Hainan through the construction of biomass raw material bases. Replacing the 1.35 million tons of crude oil and 700,000 tons of coal consumed in the province each year with biofuels, and correspondingly reducing 5 million tons of carbon dioxide. With the use of liquid biomass fuels, the Euro 4 standard will be implemented in Haikou, Sanya, and other cities, and then it will be extended to the entire province. Reduce carbon dioxide net emissions and particulate matter by promoting the use of biomass energy. It is the first to promote the use of biodegradable plastics in China and eliminate "white pollution" in Hainan Province.
Improve the priorities of the three rural areas. In the process of industrial development, priority is given to improving “three rural issuesâ€. Let farmers participate in the construction of biomass raw material bases, and increase farmers' income by 1 billion yuan each year. At the same time, farmers' consumption of fuelwood will be reduced, and biogas and biomass pellet fuels will be promoted to improve farmers' energy consumption.
The three major unfavorable factors for the development of bioenergy in Hainan are worth noting. Hainan is dominated by hills and many mountains and forests, and the available land resources are relatively limited. The nature of land is diversified. There are both state-owned and collective lands, as well as private and leased lands; the crops cultivated on the land also have diversity. Landowners are arbitrarily chosen for planting crops according to their own interests, and energy crops have limited land resources.
To make full use of land resources, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of land resources utilization: First, crop rotation, intercropping, and intercropping can be used to increase land use efficiency; second, use of good varieties to increase energy crop production; third, 260,000 hectares of Hainan still unexploited The land can be used to cultivate sugar-resistant cassava, sweet sorghum and other energy crops on these lands through industrial stimulation. Fourth, land resources in Southeast Asia can be used as a reserve base for biomass materials.
Second, planting cassava may cause water and soil loss and weaker soil. Lu Feijie, former director of the National Poverty Alleviation Office, introduced that cassava is the most cost-effective of energy crops and is suitable for planting in regions with relatively weak productivity. However, there are some soil erosion phenomena in the cultivation of cassava in wasteland. In Hainan, these areas are mainly concentrated in the central mountainous region and are important ecological protection areas and water sources in Hainan. They are not suitable for the large-scale cultivation of cassava. Experts suggested that this can be prevented by planting vetiver grass to prevent soil erosion, or by adopting equal height planting methods such as wow, green plough, and intercropping other crops.
Third, the balance of demand for raw materials between biomass energy and other industries. The development of the biomass energy industry in Hainan will affect the supply of raw materials for the existing 23 sugar factories and 16 starch factories, which will inevitably lead to conflicts of interest. To solve this problem, large energy companies can be stationed in Hainan for mergers and acquisitions under the voluntary conditions of both parties.
Based on the above three issues, the conditions for large-scale development of biomass energy in Hainan are not yet available.