Abstract: This paper introduces the ground source heat pump technology and its application in the country in detail and analyzes the energy saving effect of the ground source heat pump demonstration project in Beijing.
Keywords: ground source heat pump energy saving ground source heat pump technology and its application in China
Ground-source heat pumps are a broad term that includes systems that use soil, groundwater and surface water as heat and cold sources, namely ground-based heat exchanger ground source heat pump systems, groundwater heat pump systems, surface water (lake, river, sea And sewage) heat pump system.
Ground source heat pump heating (cold) system by absorbing the energy of the earth, including soil, well water, lakes and other natural energy sources in winter to absorb heat from the earth, the heat released to the ground in summer, and then by the heat pump unit to the building cooling and heating is A new energy-efficient and pollution-free heating and cooling air-conditioning heating system that uses renewable energy can be widely used in commercial buildings, public buildings, residential apartments, schools, hospitals and other buildings. According to the experts' estimation, the potential of shallow geothermal resources in China is huge. The low-temperature energy that can be collected in the soil within a hundred meters only is about 1.5 × 1012kW per year. The low-temperature energy that the groundwater in a hundred meters can collect each year is about 2.2 × 108kW, At present, China's power generation installed capacity of 4,500 million kW 3750 times and half.
Ground-source heat pump systems do not require boilers or auxiliary heaters for heating in winter, and are free of emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and soot and are therefore non-polluting. Because it is decentralized heating, greatly improving the city's energy security. Simple system composition, making ground-source heat pump system without special care, but also without frequent maintenance, operation and maintenance costs low. Simple control equipment, flexible operation, system reliability. No cooling towers and other outdoor equipment, saving floor space. Unit life are usually more than 15 years. Heating (cold) at the same time, can provide domestic hot water.
In our country, the research of ground source heat pump started in the 1980s. In the recent 5 years, this technology has become a hot research topic in the field of building energy saving and HVAC industry and has been widely used in engineering practice. Since 1996, the ground-source heat pump project has been completed in Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Shanghai and Tibet. The application of the GSHP system in China is estimated to exceed 20 million square meters. Heat pump technology is being understood by more and more people.
Energy Saving Effect Analysis of Ground Source Heat Pump Demonstration Project in Beijing
By the end of 2004, more than 5 million square meters of buildings in Beijing had been using ground-source heat pump systems for heating (cold). Large buildings such as Golden Seasons Shopping Center has 118,000 square meters, a small building such as Haidian Foreign Language School Gymnasium 4000 square meters.
According to preliminary understanding, at present, a number of manufacturers have been formed to provide heat pump technology, products and services, such as Beijing Heng Active Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shandong Fulda Company, Tsinghua Tongfang, Fulex, Shanghai Carrier, Zhongke Can, Dongyu refrigeration, Heze, Shandong heat pump plant. There are a number of units engaged in ground source heat pump technology design. In Beijing, there are about 20 system integrators who have mastered ground-source heat pump technology.
We made some analysis of Beijing's ground-source heat pump demonstration project.
Haidian District Court project, the building for office buildings, construction area of ​​28,978 square meters, is a general non-thermal building. During the heating season from 2003 to 2004, the power consumption per square meter was 26.12 degrees, equivalent to 10.23 kilograms of standard coal, both for heating and for fresh air and hot water. As with the use of coal-fired boiler room heating, energy consumption of 25 kg per square meter of standard coal compared to 59% energy saving.
Songlu hotel project. The project is a hotel building with a construction area of ​​10,400 square meters and is an existing non-thermal insulation building. It is also the 11th project with the highest energy consumption ranking among the 11 ground source heat pump technologies monitored by the Beijing Information Bureau Information Consultation Center. In 2003 ~ In a heating season of 2004, 48.82 degrees of electricity per square meter, equivalent to 19.13 kilograms of standard coal, is equivalent to 25 kilograms of standard coal per square meter of heating energy of the original coal-fired boiler room in the case of heating and supplying large quantities of hot water. Compared to 24% energy saving.
Beijing Ju Er alley area, residential heating with groundwater heat pump. Per square meter heating standard coal 15 kilograms, than the original coal-fired boiler room heating energy consumption per kilogram of 25 kilograms of standard coal compared to 40% energy saving, investment incremental recovery period of about 6 years.
Through the comparative analysis of typical projects, we can see that the use of ground source heat pump technology, heating only, can save 30-50% of energy.
According to the actual engineering estimates, groundwater-based ground source heat pump, the initial investment of 300-400 yuan / square meter system; soil ground source heat pump system, the initial investment of about 350-450 yuan / square meter. Generally speaking, the initial investment is 1-3 times higher than the current heating system of the conventional coal-fired boiler room, which is 34% -150% higher than the combined heat and power system. However, none of these comparisons have calculated the investment in traditional heat transfer infrastructure, nor did they quantify the cost savings of ground-source heat pump systems in addition to heating, cooling and providing fresh air and hot water.
According to the winter operation analysis report of 11 projects using ground source heat pump technology in Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics Information Center, in the case of heating, but also for cooling, hot water and fresh air, the unit area expenses from 9.48-28.85 63% of the projects are lower than the heating price of coal-fired central heating, and all the investigated projects are lower than the heating prices of fuel, gas and electric boilers. According to preliminary calculations by experts, the use of ground source heat pump technology, incremental investment payback period of about 4-10 years.
Promote the application of the main problems
At present, the main problems in the application of ground source heat pump technology in the following aspects.
First of all, as China has long failed to educate and conserve energy and protect the environment, it has not formed a strong public opinion and a social environment that has made all sectors of society lack enthusiasm and initiative and initiative in using energy-saving technologies and equipment. In addition, the development and application process of ground source heat pump technology is short, and its lack of cognition by the society, especially the major decision makers of the owner units, has a direct impact on the widespread use of this new energy technology.
Second, the initial investment of ground-source heat pump technology appears to be high, affecting some homeowners' choices of adopting the technology. However, this system has been exempted from the infrastructure investment in energy transmission and transportation process, and the system can simultaneously cool and fresh air. This price advantage of great overall cost saving has not been fully recognized by the owners.
Third, design issues. Design units generally do not quite understand this energy technology, equipment selection or not to use inappropriately.
Fourth, there is inertia for traditional energy use. For example, Beijing has formed the infrastructure, management and service facilities and systems that use traditional energy resources. Traditional energy use methods are also undergoing technological transformation, expanding users and forming scale. In fact, competition and conflicts with the use of new renewable energy sources have been formed problem.
Eight suggestions:
First, immediately proceed to organize scientific, economic, technical and environmental assessments.
Second, giving new renewable energy its rightful place in energy use policies.
Thirdly, we should formulate specific plans for the types and regional distribution of local energy use, clarify local energy use technology routes and arrange the use of new types of renewable energy from the overall plan.
Fourthly, formulate economic policies that encourage the use of new renewable energy sources.
Fifth, to make design and development units an active advocate and practitioner of new renewable energy use.
Sixthly, for government investment projects, the use of mature and mature renewable energy sources to replace traditional energy sources.
Seventh, increase the reform of the traditional system of energy use.
Keywords: ground source heat pump energy saving ground source heat pump technology and its application in China
Ground-source heat pumps are a broad term that includes systems that use soil, groundwater and surface water as heat and cold sources, namely ground-based heat exchanger ground source heat pump systems, groundwater heat pump systems, surface water (lake, river, sea And sewage) heat pump system.
Ground source heat pump heating (cold) system by absorbing the energy of the earth, including soil, well water, lakes and other natural energy sources in winter to absorb heat from the earth, the heat released to the ground in summer, and then by the heat pump unit to the building cooling and heating is A new energy-efficient and pollution-free heating and cooling air-conditioning heating system that uses renewable energy can be widely used in commercial buildings, public buildings, residential apartments, schools, hospitals and other buildings. According to the experts' estimation, the potential of shallow geothermal resources in China is huge. The low-temperature energy that can be collected in the soil within a hundred meters only is about 1.5 × 1012kW per year. The low-temperature energy that the groundwater in a hundred meters can collect each year is about 2.2 × 108kW, At present, China's power generation installed capacity of 4,500 million kW 3750 times and half.
Ground-source heat pump systems do not require boilers or auxiliary heaters for heating in winter, and are free of emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and soot and are therefore non-polluting. Because it is decentralized heating, greatly improving the city's energy security. Simple system composition, making ground-source heat pump system without special care, but also without frequent maintenance, operation and maintenance costs low. Simple control equipment, flexible operation, system reliability. No cooling towers and other outdoor equipment, saving floor space. Unit life are usually more than 15 years. Heating (cold) at the same time, can provide domestic hot water.
In our country, the research of ground source heat pump started in the 1980s. In the recent 5 years, this technology has become a hot research topic in the field of building energy saving and HVAC industry and has been widely used in engineering practice. Since 1996, the ground-source heat pump project has been completed in Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Liaoning, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Shanghai and Tibet. The application of the GSHP system in China is estimated to exceed 20 million square meters. Heat pump technology is being understood by more and more people.
Energy Saving Effect Analysis of Ground Source Heat Pump Demonstration Project in Beijing
By the end of 2004, more than 5 million square meters of buildings in Beijing had been using ground-source heat pump systems for heating (cold). Large buildings such as Golden Seasons Shopping Center has 118,000 square meters, a small building such as Haidian Foreign Language School Gymnasium 4000 square meters.
According to preliminary understanding, at present, a number of manufacturers have been formed to provide heat pump technology, products and services, such as Beijing Heng Active Technology Development Co., Ltd., Shandong Fulda Company, Tsinghua Tongfang, Fulex, Shanghai Carrier, Zhongke Can, Dongyu refrigeration, Heze, Shandong heat pump plant. There are a number of units engaged in ground source heat pump technology design. In Beijing, there are about 20 system integrators who have mastered ground-source heat pump technology.
We made some analysis of Beijing's ground-source heat pump demonstration project.
Haidian District Court project, the building for office buildings, construction area of ​​28,978 square meters, is a general non-thermal building. During the heating season from 2003 to 2004, the power consumption per square meter was 26.12 degrees, equivalent to 10.23 kilograms of standard coal, both for heating and for fresh air and hot water. As with the use of coal-fired boiler room heating, energy consumption of 25 kg per square meter of standard coal compared to 59% energy saving.
Songlu hotel project. The project is a hotel building with a construction area of ​​10,400 square meters and is an existing non-thermal insulation building. It is also the 11th project with the highest energy consumption ranking among the 11 ground source heat pump technologies monitored by the Beijing Information Bureau Information Consultation Center. In 2003 ~ In a heating season of 2004, 48.82 degrees of electricity per square meter, equivalent to 19.13 kilograms of standard coal, is equivalent to 25 kilograms of standard coal per square meter of heating energy of the original coal-fired boiler room in the case of heating and supplying large quantities of hot water. Compared to 24% energy saving.
Beijing Ju Er alley area, residential heating with groundwater heat pump. Per square meter heating standard coal 15 kilograms, than the original coal-fired boiler room heating energy consumption per kilogram of 25 kilograms of standard coal compared to 40% energy saving, investment incremental recovery period of about 6 years.
Through the comparative analysis of typical projects, we can see that the use of ground source heat pump technology, heating only, can save 30-50% of energy.
According to the actual engineering estimates, groundwater-based ground source heat pump, the initial investment of 300-400 yuan / square meter system; soil ground source heat pump system, the initial investment of about 350-450 yuan / square meter. Generally speaking, the initial investment is 1-3 times higher than the current heating system of the conventional coal-fired boiler room, which is 34% -150% higher than the combined heat and power system. However, none of these comparisons have calculated the investment in traditional heat transfer infrastructure, nor did they quantify the cost savings of ground-source heat pump systems in addition to heating, cooling and providing fresh air and hot water.
According to the winter operation analysis report of 11 projects using ground source heat pump technology in Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics Information Center, in the case of heating, but also for cooling, hot water and fresh air, the unit area expenses from 9.48-28.85 63% of the projects are lower than the heating price of coal-fired central heating, and all the investigated projects are lower than the heating prices of fuel, gas and electric boilers. According to preliminary calculations by experts, the use of ground source heat pump technology, incremental investment payback period of about 4-10 years.
Promote the application of the main problems
At present, the main problems in the application of ground source heat pump technology in the following aspects.
First of all, as China has long failed to educate and conserve energy and protect the environment, it has not formed a strong public opinion and a social environment that has made all sectors of society lack enthusiasm and initiative and initiative in using energy-saving technologies and equipment. In addition, the development and application process of ground source heat pump technology is short, and its lack of cognition by the society, especially the major decision makers of the owner units, has a direct impact on the widespread use of this new energy technology.
Second, the initial investment of ground-source heat pump technology appears to be high, affecting some homeowners' choices of adopting the technology. However, this system has been exempted from the infrastructure investment in energy transmission and transportation process, and the system can simultaneously cool and fresh air. This price advantage of great overall cost saving has not been fully recognized by the owners.
Third, design issues. Design units generally do not quite understand this energy technology, equipment selection or not to use inappropriately.
Fourth, there is inertia for traditional energy use. For example, Beijing has formed the infrastructure, management and service facilities and systems that use traditional energy resources. Traditional energy use methods are also undergoing technological transformation, expanding users and forming scale. In fact, competition and conflicts with the use of new renewable energy sources have been formed problem.
Eight suggestions:
First, immediately proceed to organize scientific, economic, technical and environmental assessments.
Second, giving new renewable energy its rightful place in energy use policies.
Thirdly, we should formulate specific plans for the types and regional distribution of local energy use, clarify local energy use technology routes and arrange the use of new types of renewable energy from the overall plan.
Fourthly, formulate economic policies that encourage the use of new renewable energy sources.
Fifth, to make design and development units an active advocate and practitioner of new renewable energy use.
Sixthly, for government investment projects, the use of mature and mature renewable energy sources to replace traditional energy sources.
Seventh, increase the reform of the traditional system of energy use.
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