One of China's two major areas of apple production is on the Loess Plateau. The region's climate is dry, with abundant light, a large temperature difference between day and night, and loose and deep soil, which is very suitable for the growth of apples. The apple industry in the region has promoted economic development and improved the ecological environment. However, the biggest constraint to the apple industry in the region is that the precipitation is scarce and the seasonal variation is large. This has a significant impact on apple trees with high water requirements. Increasing the utilization rate of natural precipitation and improving the orchard soil moisture environment are the focus of the development of the apple industry in the region. The rain-fed Apple Orchard in dryland of Huangshang Plateau in Shaanxi Province was selected, and soil water temperature and temperature was used to measure and analyze the water, temperature and leaf physiological indexes of the apple orchard under different rainwater and soil conservation measures in order to improve the upland rain and fruit orchard. Water management measures provide scientific basis. It is of great practical significance to promote the quality and efficiency of apples in Shaanxi dryland area.
Soil moisture was measured using a 1050C drying method. Each treatment was performed in the center of the plot between the plants and between the rows. The treatments m and W were also drilled in the catchment trench. The two points or three lines were perpendicular to the direction of the row. The average was the treatment. Soil moisture. Sample depth is 2m, the same as every 20cm. Measured once a month. The amount of soil water storage is calculated as SWS = 0.1B, "V"H. In the formula, SWS is the soil water storage capacity, mm; B is the mass water content 0o; V is the upper earth bulk density, g/cm''; H is the upper depth, cm. The weight of the asbestos was measured by the ring knife method.
The soil temperature was observed with a curved surface temperature meter. The observed upper depths were 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm, respectively. Measured once a month. From May 16 to May 18, each time was measured at 2 hours, and the temperature changes at night and day were observed. The root growth of apple is closely related to the temperature of the upper soil. The temperature range of apple root growth is 7-300C, and the most suitable range is 15-250C. If the root is too high or too low, root growth will be inhibited. At the same time, it will affect the microbial activity and the effectiveness of upland nutrients. Soil moisture temperature and temperature can also be used to perform comprehensive measurements and evaluations of soil moisture and temperature.
The determination of soil moisture and heat conditions in the region by soil moisture temperature and temperature measurement instrument found that the use of ground cover measures can reduce the water evaporation on the upper soil, maintain the water, enhance the water storage capacity, and effectively increase the water content in the upper soil of the orchard. In the arid and semi-arid region of Huangshang, the photosynthesis of apple trees is closely related to the status of the growing upland water environment. Water deficit in the upper soil often leads to changes in growth, metabolism, and decreased photosynthetic rate of fruit trees.
The analysis of the soil water temperature and temperature measuring instrument on different production technologies found that the ridging and filming treatment combined with the inter-row covering straw treatment can increase the soil temperature by 0.9 degrees Celsius, which is extremely favorable for planting apple trees in the region. Therefore, in the process of planting and producing apples on the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi, the rainwater harvesting measures that can be adopted are none other than this.
Soil moisture was measured using a 1050C drying method. Each treatment was performed in the center of the plot between the plants and between the rows. The treatments m and W were also drilled in the catchment trench. The two points or three lines were perpendicular to the direction of the row. The average was the treatment. Soil moisture. Sample depth is 2m, the same as every 20cm. Measured once a month. The amount of soil water storage is calculated as SWS = 0.1B, "V"H. In the formula, SWS is the soil water storage capacity, mm; B is the mass water content 0o; V is the upper earth bulk density, g/cm''; H is the upper depth, cm. The weight of the asbestos was measured by the ring knife method.
The soil temperature was observed with a curved surface temperature meter. The observed upper depths were 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm, respectively. Measured once a month. From May 16 to May 18, each time was measured at 2 hours, and the temperature changes at night and day were observed. The root growth of apple is closely related to the temperature of the upper soil. The temperature range of apple root growth is 7-300C, and the most suitable range is 15-250C. If the root is too high or too low, root growth will be inhibited. At the same time, it will affect the microbial activity and the effectiveness of upland nutrients. Soil moisture temperature and temperature can also be used to perform comprehensive measurements and evaluations of soil moisture and temperature.
The determination of soil moisture and heat conditions in the region by soil moisture temperature and temperature measurement instrument found that the use of ground cover measures can reduce the water evaporation on the upper soil, maintain the water, enhance the water storage capacity, and effectively increase the water content in the upper soil of the orchard. In the arid and semi-arid region of Huangshang, the photosynthesis of apple trees is closely related to the status of the growing upland water environment. Water deficit in the upper soil often leads to changes in growth, metabolism, and decreased photosynthetic rate of fruit trees.
The analysis of the soil water temperature and temperature measuring instrument on different production technologies found that the ridging and filming treatment combined with the inter-row covering straw treatment can increase the soil temperature by 0.9 degrees Celsius, which is extremely favorable for planting apple trees in the region. Therefore, in the process of planting and producing apples on the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi, the rainwater harvesting measures that can be adopted are none other than this.
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