According to the statistics of the US market research company, in 2006, the total sales volume of the global pharmaceutical market was 643 billion US dollars, an increase of 7% over the previous year. In 2007, the growth index of the global pharmaceutical market was only 6%, and the overall market size was about 700 billion US dollars. This figure was slightly lower than the original forecast. The main reasons are: On the one hand, it stems from the pressure of pharmaceutical price adjustments in European countries, and more importantly, the impact of generic generic drugs on the market after the expiry of drug patent protection period.
The patented drugs have fallen in the middle and late 20th century. It is the explosion of new global pharmaceutical products. New listed drugs have come on stream, bringing considerable benefits to the original drug manufacturers. However, when the patent expires, generic drug companies are hungry for generic drugs, and the transitional strategy of combining imitation with creativity is already the best choice for many pharmaceutical companies. They all try to seize this opportunity as a business belt. New growth point.
After entering the new century, under the influence of high blood pressure such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, etc., it stimulated the warming of the cardiovascular drug market. It is expected that the global cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drug sales will reach 91.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2008. In 2010, it will rise to 104.4 billion U.S. dollars.
Throughout the pharmaceutical market in China, cardiovascular therapeutic drugs have always occupied an important position and are second only to the systemic anti-infective drugs. In 2006, after the country's comprehensive macro-control of the pharmaceutical industry, the pharmaceutical market growth index has shown a downward trend, and the growth rate of cardiovascular drugs is only 4.46%. Cardiovascular medication is one of the main categories of drug price adjustment, and the price reduction range is large and there are many varieties. Affected by the price adjustment policy for pharmaceutical products in 2007, the growth rate of cardiovascular drugs in sample hospitals in key cities in China has further slowed.
According to statistics from the National Pharmaceutical Economic Information Network, the amount of cardiovascular drugs used in 22 key cities and district sample hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou in 2006 was 4.542 billion yuan, accounting for 13.81% of the overall market share of sample hospitals. Among cardiovascular drugs, antihypertensive drugs are the core types of cardiovascular diseases and occupy an important position in clinical practice, which has attracted the attention of the medical community.
In the past five years, the patent for the inaccessible patent of the original research drug expired, and the global patent expired or expired. There are more cardiovascular drugs and the total market has reached more than 30 billion US dollars. Calcium antagonists (CCBS) are a steady increase in the antihypertensive market. According to statistics: In the global therapeutic drug field in 2005, calcium antagonists ranked the eighth, and the market scale has reached 11.9 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 2.2% over the previous year, accounting for 2.1% of the world's drug market. In 2006, among the top 500 drugs in the world's seven major pharmaceutical markets, sales of calcium antagonists were basically the same as the previous year. After the expiration of the patent for amlodipine in 2007, the sales of the original research drug Luoxixi in the world’s seven pharmaceutical markets plummeted, from 3,866 million US dollars in the previous year to 3 billion US dollars, a drop of 38%, resulting in The market for calcium antagonists declined overall.
Unlike China, the cardiovascular market in China is still a rapidly growing category. As people's health concepts are updated and the level of drug expenditures rises, the gap between the use of this type of drug and the developed countries is continuously narrowing, especially the resistance. Hypertensive drugs occupy an important share. According to the study of SFDA Southern Medicine Economic Research Institute, in 2004, the market scale of antihypertensive drugs in China's hospitals was 6.486 billion yuan. In 2005, this market increased by 14.22% year-on-year to 7.408 billion yuan. In 2006, under the influence of price cuts for drugs and new drugs, the growth rate was relatively small. The total amount of drugs used was approximately RMB 7.62 billion. In addition to the left amlodipine, the calcium antagonists showed a rapid growth trend, and the growth rate of several varieties increased. Already flattened.
CCBS won half of the country According to statistics from the South, by 2006, the national calcium antagonist market had reached 3.3 billion yuan, accounting for 43.15% of the total antihypertensive drug market. Among them, the top five varieties of amlodipine, nifedipine, felodipine, nimodipine, and left amlodipine accounted for 16.37%, 11.02%, 5.67%, 4.31%, and 2.34% of the domestic antihypertensive market share, respectively. High market concentration. In the situation where the original research led the market to sing songs, it also attracted many pharmaceutical companies.
From the perspective of the minimum packaging unit of calcium antagonist drugs, among the 15 varieties that entered the sample hospital, the original research drugs and foreign drugs accounted for 27%, and the amount of medication has exceeded 72%. It can also be said that about 73% of the amount of domestic drugs, accounting for only 28% of the amount of medication. In the same type of calcium antagonist drugs, the price of domestic drugs is far lower than that of imported drugs. From another perspective, it also occupies a price advantage. With the overall advancement of medical reforms and the improvement in the content and quality of domestically produced drugs, it will certainly promote the widespread use of low-cost, well-established, domestically-made generic drugs, while at the same time squeezing the share of the original research drug market.
Nifedipine upgrade Nityiline is a classic CCBS drug. After 30 years of development there have been many formulations. At present, there are also more and more manufacturers. The SFDA has issued more than 380 approval numbers. The main brands include Baixin, Fudai, Aike Diping, Xinran, Mi Xinping and Shengtong Equality. In terms of dosage forms, in addition to ordinary tablets, capsules and injections, sustained-release, controlled-release oral formulations have also been developed, so that the structure of the formulation tends to be perfect. In 2004, the use of nifedipine in the sample hospitals of major cities in China had passed 100 million yuan, an increase of 18% year-on-year in 2005 to reach 118 million yuan, and in 2006 it reached 141 million yuan, an increase of 19.49% year-on-year.
From 2005 to 2006, there were 52 nifedipine samples entering the sample hospital, of which 17 were sustained release and controlled release agents. In sample hospitals, the amount of sustained-release nifedipine and controlled-release agents has accounted for 99% of nifedipine, and the amount used has reached 69%. Bayer and Beijing Bayer's new drug use accounted for 26.34% of the total, while domestic drugs such as ä¼²Fuda accounted for 73.66%.
However, in China's pharmacies and third-party markets, domestically produced nifedipine slow-release and controlled-release agents accounted for the dominant position with obvious price advantage. Through further analysis, as people's awareness of the steady decrease in blood pressure during the day and night, the use of short-acting common preparations in urban hospitals has gradually decreased, and long-acting and side-effect antihypertensive drugs have become hot on the market.
Analyze its market prospects: Under the impetus of nifedipine slow release, controlled release agent and CCBS long-acting agent, it is always the hospital's antihypertensive drug, which is second only to amlodipine and has strong competition. Advantage.
In 2006, among the top 10 calcium antagonists in China, nifedipine accounted for a quarter of the total, which was a year-on-year increase of 2% in 2007, becoming a steadily increasing calcium antagonist.
According to industry analysts, with the rapid development of the domestic pharmaceutical industry, the quality of domestic drugs has greatly improved, and the quality and efficacy of many drugs have been the same as imported drugs. In the case of imports and domestic drugs, the release of domestic nifedipine sustained-release, controlled release agent has a greater market potential. It is expected that by 2010, ordinary preparations of nifedipine will be withdrawn from the urban market, and sustained release and controlled release agents will dominate the world.
Comprehensive Competitiveness Analysis Calcium antagonists are a large class of drugs that have developed rapidly in recent years. Many generic drugs have been settled in China. However, domestic companies have foreign-funded enterprises in terms of scientific research capabilities, results transformation, marketing strategies, market development, and media promotion. With a certain gap, the individually developed varieties of domestic pharmaceutical companies and the varieties with weak foreign capital development capabilities have been slow to grow, such as benidipine, nisoldipine, cilnidipine, and Lercadi, regardless of the amount of drugs used and the amount of drugs used. The share is low, although the effect is good, but the market share is not high, and the higher coverage is still amlodipine, nifedipine, felodipine, has formed a three-footed situation in the anti-hypertensive CCBS market .
At present, about 50% of patients receiving hypertension treatment in China are using calcium antagonists. In the past two years, the development of new calcium antagonists has been rapid. Among them, DHP has great room for reform in its chemical structure, and its research progress is outstanding. There are many varieties introduced and the market prospect is broad. In addition to the calcium antagonists Manidipine tablets, iladidipine, efedipine, azelnidipine, and asretidine that have been declared, there are also balnedipine sustained-release capsules. These new chemical drugs all have certain characteristics and show good curative effects on heart, cerebrovascular diseases and non-vascular diseases. They can play a certain role in anti-hypertensive personality treatment and will be active in the market with potential. , challenging varieties.
â‘ Single acting cylinder: only one end of the cylinder has a piston rod. Air is supplied from one side of the piston to generate air pressure. The air pressure pushes the piston to produce thrust to extend and return by spring or self weight.
â‘¡ Double acting cylinder: supply air alternately from both sides of piston, output force in one or two directions.
â‘¢ Rodless cylinder: general term for cylinders without piston rod. There are magnetic cylinder and cable cylinder.
The reciprocating cylinder is called swing cylinder. The inner cavity is divided into two parts by the blade, and the air is supplied to the two cavities alternately. The output shaft swings, and the swing angle is less than 280 °. In addition, there are rotary cylinder, gas-liquid damping cylinder and stepping cylinder.
Compared with the electric actuator, the cylinder can work reliably under harsh conditions, and the operation is simple, and the basic maintenance free can be realized. Cylinder is good at reciprocating linear motion, especially suitable for industrial automation in the most transmission requirements - workpiece linear handling. Moreover, only adjusting the one-way throttle valve installed on both sides of the cylinder can simply achieve stable speed control, which has become the biggest feature and advantage of the cylinder drive system. Therefore, for users without multi-point positioning requirements, most of them prefer to use cylinder from the perspective of convenience. At present, most of the applications of electric actuators in the industrial field require high-precision multi-point positioning, which is the result that it is difficult to achieve with the air cylinder.
The electric actuator is mainly used for rotating and swinging conditions. Its advantage lies in the fast response time and the precise control of speed, position and torque through the feedback system. But when it needs to complete the linear motion, it needs to be transformed by mechanical devices such as toothed belt or screw rod, so the structure is relatively complex, and there are high requirements for the working environment and the professional knowledge of the operation and maintenance personnel.
advantage
(1) The requirement for users is low. The principle and structure of the cylinder are simple, easy to install and maintain, and the requirements for users are not high. Electric cylinder is different, engineering personnel must have certain electrical knowledge, otherwise it is likely to be damaged due to misoperation.
(2) The output force is large. The output force of the cylinder is proportional to the square of the cylinder diameter; The output force of the electric cylinder is related to three factors: cylinder diameter, motor power and screw pitch. The larger the cylinder diameter and power, the smaller the screw pitch, the greater the output force. The theoretical output force of a cylinder with a diameter of 50 mm can reach 2000 n. for the electric cylinder with the same diameter, although the products of different companies are different, they are basically no more than 1000 n. Obviously, the cylinder has more advantages in terms of output force.
(3) Strong adaptability. The cylinder can work normally in high and low temperature environment, and has the ability of dustproof and waterproof, which can adapt to all kinds of harsh environment. Because of a large number of electrical components, the electric cylinder has high requirements for the environment and poor adaptability.
Air Cylinder, Pneumatic Cylinder, double acting cylinder, single acting cylinder, rodless cylinder
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