IoT applications have penetrated into our lives, and IoT projects can be applied in every aspect. So, what are the Internet of Things wireless connection technology? This article takes 6 types of wireless technology as an example to deeply analyze various advantages and disadvantages.
Ethernet
Ethernet (Ethernet) is a kind of LAN communication technology. The IEEE 802.3 standard of IEEE has established the technical standard of Ethernet. It specifies the content of the connection, electronic signal and medium access layer protocol including the physical layer. Ethernet uses twisted pair as the transmission medium, and can cover a range of up to 200 meters without relaying. The most popular Ethernet type data transmission rate is 100Mb/s, and the updated standard supports 1KMb/s and 10KMb/s.
The biggest advantage of Ethernet technology is that it is the most popular LAN technology at present, and has gradually replaced other LAN standards such as Token Ring, FDDI and ARCNET. Nowadays, the Internet that we are familiar with refers to the network that covers the whole world after all these large and small LANs are connected together.
2. Serial communication technology
Serial port is a very common interface for communication between devices. It is also widely used for communication between devices and instruments. Common serial ports are RS-232 (using 25-pin or 9-pin connectors) and half-duplex RS-485 and full-duplex RS-422 for industrial computer applications.
Serial communication uses serial communication, that is, serial port sends and receives byte sequences in bits. Typically, serial ports are used for ASCII character transmission. Serial communication is done using 3 wires: ground, transmit and receive. Serial communication can receive data with the receiving line while transmitting data using the transmission line. It is simple and can communicate over long distances, and its communication length can reach 1200 meters.
(1) Advantages
The biggest point of serial communication is the high penetration rate. The serial port PC is still standard. Up to now, in order to facilitate the connection of printers, most industrial devices have serial ports. Those devices without serial ports are commonly connected through serial ports during their development. On the computer for development, the serial port is the easiest and easiest way for the device to communicate.
It is also worth mentioning that if you do not consider the cable connected to the serial port, the cost of serial communication is very low.
(2) Disadvantages
The networking capability of serial communication is poor. Although it is usually more stable than wireless, in industrial environments, it is also susceptible to communication instability caused by the electromagnetic environment of the cable, and even the serial port burns out. The communication speed of the serial port is still quite different from that of Ethernet. Generally speaking, it is only suitable for low-rate and small-data communication.
3. Modbus
Unlike the previous communication technologies, Modbus is generally considered to be an application layer protocol standard that uses serial communication. It does not contain electrical specifications. Modbus was originally published by Modicon in 1979 for communication using programmable logic controller (PLC). Later, Modbus RTU, Modbus ASCII and Modbus TCP were derived. The first two physical interfaces used are the serial ports described above. The latter uses the Ethernet interface.
With the wide application of PLC in the industrial field, Modbus has become the most popular communication protocol in the industrial field. It uses Master/Slave communication, which is a one-to-many connection. One master controller can support at most. 247 slave controllers.
(1) Advantages
The main advantages of Modbus are:
Standardized, open, free to use, no license fee, no intellectual property license required.
Support a variety of electrical interfaces, such as serial and Ethernet interfaces, supporting a variety of transmission media, such as twisted pair, fiber, wireless and so on.
The frame format of the Modbus protocol is simple, compact and easy to understand. Easy to develop and easy to use.
(2) Disadvantages
Modbus mainly has the following problems:
Poor networking capability, only master-slave communication
The network size is limited, and the number of slave controllers limits the network size.
Poor security, no authentication, no rights management, clear text transmission makes it very risky in an uncontrolled environment
4. GPRS
GPRS is an abbreviation of General Packet Radio Service (*), which is a kind of remote communication technology between a terminal and a communication base station.
Radio service was first used in analog communication technology, and became the first generation of mobile communication technology. Later, it adopted digital communication technology, called second generation mobile communication technology. Among them, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most widely used application. Widely the most successful. GSM is mainly designed to transmit voice, and voice is exclusive to one channel when transmitting.
GPRS can be said to be a continuation of GSM. It transmits data in a packetized manner, and does not monopolize the channel, so it can better utilize the free channel resources on GSM. The transmission rate of GPRS can reach 56~114Kbps. The user can use the data service to connect to the communication base station of the telecom operator, and then connect to the Internet to obtain Internet information. GPRS was introduced by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and later transferred to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, or 3GPP.
(1) Advantages
Due to the wide coverage of GSM network signals, the area where GPRS services can be used is also very wide, which is the main advantage of GPRS technology.
Secondly, the GPRS terminal can roam freely within the signal coverage, and the developer does not need to develop any other communication device (responsible by the operator), and the user is convenient to use.
Finally, due to the popularity of mobile communication terminals, the cost has been greatly reduced. Therefore, the GPRS communication technology is adopted in the Internet of Things, and its hardware cost has a greater advantage than Wi-Fi or ZigBee.
(2) Disadvantages
The GPRS terminal uses the infrastructure of the telecom operator when communicating, so it is required to pay a certain fee, that is, the data traffic fee, which limits the connection of a large number of devices to the network.
The lower rate of GPRS is another problem.
The quality of GPRS communication is greatly affected by the strength of the signal. Without signal coverage or weak communication, the communication effect is very poor, which may affect the completion of the service.
5. NFC
NFC, Near-field communication, Chinese translation is often used for near field communication. NFC is a short-range high-frequency radio technology, which belongs to a kind of RFID technology. Its working frequency is 13.56MHz, and the effective working distance is less than 20cm. The transmission speed is 106Kb/s, 212Kb/s or 424Kb/s. Data reading and exchange are performed through three business modes: card, card reader and peer-to-peer.
NFC
NFC was first developed in 2002 by Philips Semiconductors, Nokia and Sony. In 2004, the NFC Forum was established to focus on the standardization and promotion of near field communication technology.
(1) Advantages
The NFC communication distance is very short, but the communication confidentiality is good.
The NFC card has no power consumption, and the reader consumes less power. It can be used in many applications with no power consumption or low power consumption.
The cost of the NFC solution is low, especially the cost of the NFC card is very low, and it is especially suitable for covering a large number of non-smart objects.
NFC communication technology is currently widely used in mobile payment and consumer electronics. For example, many mobile phones already support NFC applications, and micropayment systems such as bus cards use NFC technology.
(2) Disadvantages
NFC does not have the risk of wireless signals being intercepted by other wireless communications, but the design of its NFC card is too simple and the passive response is also unsafe. See the risk of reporting, for example: the transaction information in the NFC bank card, it is easy to be read by other card readers, even smart phones.
In addition, such as short communication distance and low communication speed, it is also a disadvantage, which limits NFC to only certain specific Internet of Things applications.
6. LoRa
LoRa is derived from the term Long Range and is a communication technology for long-distance communication. The LoRa technology is based on linear Chirp spread spectrum modulation, which continues the low power consumption of frequency shift keying modulation, but greatly increases the communication range. Chirp spread-spectrum modulation has long-distance transmission and good anti-interference, and has been used in military and aerospace communications for many years. In extreme cases, a single gateway or base station of LoRa can cover the entire city or tens of kilometers.
Typical scenarios for LoRa technology applications include: long battery life (years), long-distance communication between nodes, and low rates (such as passing data several times per hour). As with NB-IoT technology, low power consumption can be sacrificed to increase the rate.
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