The 2013 BEV global sales champion Nissan Leaf's 24 kWh (kWh Kwh) can only support 130 kilometers of cruising range. Beiqi's e150 EV can run about 150 kilometers at 25 degrees. Although there are studies, 120 kilometers of cruising range can cover at least half of the daily travel needs of vehicle owners. In other words, at present, pure electric vehicles are still suitable for at least half of the people who buy cars. However, due to the scarcity of public charging piles, the potential for these potential owners to earn longer mileage is better. If you don’t have enough energy to drive tens of kilometers, it’s really annoying and uncomfortable.
How far can an electric car run for once?The 60-degree version of the Tesla Model S and the BYD e6 all have 60-degree battery capacity, and they all run about 300 kilometers. That is, electricity runs about 5 kilometers. The above cruising mileage is based on ideal road conditions. For example, if the air conditioner is not on, the outdoor temperature will not be particularly high or extremely low, and the traffic will not be blocked and the vehicle can move forward at a constant speed. In China, the traffic and climate of big cities are not very ideal. Perennial congestion and winter may be very cold, and summer may be very hot. So conservatively, it's a good idea that once you can run 5 kilometers of electricity.
The cruising range is closely related to the lithium battery, so first spread the basic knowledge of lithium batteries. At present, the mainstream lithium batteries on the market are: Lithium cobalt oxide batteries, this is no stranger to everyone, because smart phones are used in such lithium batteries, Tesla also uses this lithium battery, commonly known as 18650 battery; another Lithium iron phosphate battery (hereinafter referred to as iron battery), BYD and Beiqi electric vehicles will use this lithium battery, such as e6 and e150 EV. For simplicity, other types of lithium batteries do not start here.
Lithium batteries have two key parameters. The first is the energy density Wh/kg, which is watt-hours per kilogram. The 18650 battery used by Tesla has an energy density of about 150Wh/kg. The 85-degree electric version of the model S has a weight of 2100kg. The weight of the battery is as much as 600kg, accounting for nearly 30% of the vehicle's weight. Different lithium battery technologies have relatively different energy densities. For example, the energy density of an iron battery is about 100Wh/kg. This means that with the same battery weight, the 18650 battery can store half as much electricity as the iron battery. So although BYD's e6 battery has 600kg, but due to the smaller iron battery energy density, its electricity is only 60 degrees. But overall, the current lithium battery energy density makes electric vehicles much heavier than similarly configured fuel vehicles.
Another key parameter for lithium batteries is $/Kwh, which is how much per kilowatt hour. At present, the lithium battery is about $400-500/Kwh, that is, once the battery is 400-500 US dollars, according to the current exchange rate, it is about 2500-3000 yuan per kilowatt-hour. Tesla's 85-kilowatt version costs $10,000 more than the 60-degree version. This extra 25-kilowatt is the main cost increaser. Iron batteries are a little cheaper than 18650 batteries, but they are also in the same order of magnitude. So electric steam is much more expensive than the same model. For example, the official guide price of Beijing Electric's pure electric car E150ev electric technology version is 230,000, and its e-series sedan version, even if it is not up to 90,000, the difference is as much as 140,000.
How hard is it to increase the mileage of 200 kilometers?One important reason for impeding cruising mileage is cost. If you increase your battery life by 200 kilometers, you need to increase 40 kWh. For a lithium battery with a single degree of electricity to be nearly 3,000 yuan, the cost of the battery generated by adding 200 kilometers of cruising range has increased by more than 100,000 yuan. The pure electric vehicles that are now 130-200 kilometers in cruising range, even if they are subsidized by the state and various local governments, are not cheap compared to equivalent ordinary fuel vehicles. This increase in the cost of more than 100,000 batteries will undoubtedly lead to ridiculously high vehicle prices. Such as BYD e6, 300 kilometers of battery life, the cheapest configuration is also 310,000 yuan, more than 100 kilometers than the Beiqi e150 EV, but expensive as much as 80,000.
Another obstacle to the cruising range is the battery's energy density. This is from two aspects, the first is to reduce the weight of lithium batteries. BYD e6 has 2.3 tons, while iron batteries have 600 kg. Assuming that an adult weighs around 80kg, this is equivalent to an ordinary car, which has to carry 7,8 adults on board. This will naturally affect the mileage. The second is to increase energy density. For example, the 86-degree version of the Model S of Tesla, the battery weight and BYD e6's battery weight is almost, but more than e6 run nearly 180 kilometers. This is because Tesla's 18650 battery can store 85 kWh, while e6 can only store 60 kWh.
Under the current limitation of lithium battery technology, the current pure electric vehicle is still the price is still okay, but the battery life is only more than 100 kilometers; otherwise the cruising range is high, but the price is also rising so that people can not look directly into the sky. For example, Tesla's 480 kilometers is really good, but the price has exceeded 700,000, far beyond the level of general consumer purchases.
Under such a scenario, only local tyrants may consider buying more than a few tens of kilowatt hours of electricity to ease the anxiety of lifelong anxiety. The ordinary consumers who are interested in BEV may need to think carefully about whether the mileage of about 150 kilometers can satisfy their travel needs and then decide whether to purchase more suitable.
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