Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued a revised version of the "Guidance Catalogue for Foreign Investment Industries" (hereinafter referred to as "Catalogue"), and formally solicited opinions. In the revision of the Catalogue, the restrictive measures for foreign investment were reduced from 93 to 62. Among them, in the automotive industry, the revised draft mentioned the focus on liberalizing the access restrictions for automotive electronics and new energy vehicle battery manufacturing, which led to the industry's impact on the liberalization of foreign investment into the new energy vehicle battery industry will impact domestic enterprises. Worried.
The author compares the 2015 version with the revised Catalogue. The revised draft does not mention the energy-type power battery in the incentive items related to the battery of new energy vehicles (energy density ≥110Wh/kg, cycle life ≥2000 times, foreign investment) The ratio does not exceed 50%) and the battery cathode material (specific capacity ≥ 150 mAh / g, cycle life 2000 times not less than 80% of the initial discharge capacity). This means that although the country does not explicitly encourage foreign companies to engage in the manufacture of energy-type power batteries, it is no longer restricted. It is obvious that the release is a trend.
However, the industry does not need to worry too much about the liberalization of the above access restrictions. It is allowed to engage in foreign-owned enterprises to manufacture power batteries. Although objectively, it will put pressure on some small and backward-oriented small enterprises to intensify competition in the battery industry. However, due to the existence of relevant thresholds, its impact on the entire industry will not be great. And in the long run, the liberalization of restrictions is conducive to the healthy competition and development of the industry.
First of all, in the past, although the share ratio of foreign-invested energy-type power batteries has played a certain positive role, the core technology is still firmly in the hands of foreign parties. The joint venture is of course beneficial to the Chinese side in studying the system construction and advanced management experience of foreign companies in manufacturing, quality assurance, procurement, personnel training, etc., and also contributed considerable profits to the joint venture company, but it is undeniable that the technology research and development of the joint venture company is still The foreign party is in control and it is difficult for China to learn the core technology. Some experts told the author that some Chinese partners who choose to cooperate with foreign battery companies basically do not engage in battery production, so the actual digestion and absorption of imported technology by the Chinese side is very limited. Therefore, for domestic companies to acquire key core technologies, the joint venture restrictions themselves are of little significance.
Secondly, although the revision of the Catalogue is to liberalize the production access restrictions for new energy vehicles, foreign battery companies are also faced with the challenge of entering the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's battery business catalogue and the increase in the threshold of automotive power battery capacity. Regarding whether the battery enterprise catalog is linked to the subsidies of new energy companies, the relevant departments have not clearly stated their opinions, but there are always relevant associations in the industry. As of December this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued four batches of 57 qualified enterprise catalogues, and did not see a foreign-owned power battery company.
Not long ago, the "Automobile Power Battery Industry Standard Conditions (2017)" (Draft for Comment) also proposed to increase the production capacity of lithium battery cells by 39 times. Based on this, even if foreign battery companies are optimistic about China's rising new energy vehicle market, they will still consider carefully based on China's battery market demand and operating environment, and whether it is worthwhile to invest in high-cost capacity and capital. For example, after the above-mentioned draft for comment, the South Korean company SKInnovation, which originally planned to build a battery production plant in China, announced the suspension of construction. Therefore, the industry does not need to worry about the revision of the "Catalogue" release restrictions, foreign battery companies will "swarm in."
Thirdly, allowing foreign businessmen to set up wholly-owned battery enterprises in China is conducive to foreign companies deepening their localization strategy in China and improving their supply chain in China. China's power battery industry chain is still incomplete, and battery quality and performance also need to be improved. The state has liberalized the access restrictions on power batteries, which will help foreign investors to increase investment in R&D in China and cultivate domestic suppliers. In the long run, this will also help promote the advancement of China's battery technology in a competitive environment and guide the development of the automotive industry in a healthy and orderly manner.
Of course, the liberalization of access restrictions in areas such as new energy vehicle batteries is also a "double-edged sword", which will inevitably lead to the impact of some start-up companies and small enterprises in China, and accelerate the reshuffle of the battery industry. After all, compared with most domestic battery companies, Japanese and Korean battery companies have advantages in terms of scale, battery quality and performance, and even battery prices. These companies also supply many well-known multinational auto companies and some new energy auto companies in China. . Therefore, in response to the gap, domestic battery companies should also actively upgrade their own technology and practice internal strength to meet the challenges. However, the author should emphasize that, based on the current situation of China's battery enterprises, production capacity dispersion, low-end production capacity, the survival of the fittest and the transformation and upgrading of the domestic battery industry is an inevitable trend. The corresponding restrictions on liberalizing foreign investment only accelerate the process. .
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