China's natural resources, the vast majority of low-grade rutile native ore, the reserves accounted for 86% of the total resources of rutile, rutile sands of only 14%. Due to the low grade, fine particle size and complex ore composition of the rutile resources, the ore dressing process is long, and the combined process of re-election, magnetic separation and flotation is adopted. At present, the price of natural rutile is high and lacks market competitiveness. As a result, all the beneficiation and processing enterprises that produce natural rutile in China have stopped production. Therefore, simplifying the process, reducing the production cost, and improving the comprehensive utilization level of ore are the key to developing and utilizing the rutile resources in China.
A rutile ore has a lower grade and a fine grain size, of which <0.0005 to 0.005 mm accounts for 10%, 0.006 to 0.008 mm accounts for 15%, and the rutile monomer dissociation degree is also low. For the fine-grained rutile, if the re-election tail is used as the pre-selection operation for the rutile sorting, the sorting efficiency is very low, and a large amount of fine-grained rutile will be lost. According to the characteristics of the ore, this study wants to first remove some of the gangue minerals through the flotation process, and the concentrate obtained by flotation enters the next beneficiation operation to reduce the production cost and improve the recovery rate of rutile. Therefore, flotation and tailing as a pre-selection operation for the rutile selection, the quality of the selection will affect the final selection index.
First, the nature of the ore
The chemical composition analysis results of the ore and the results of the titanium phase analysis are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
Table 1 Analysis results of raw ore chemical composition /%
Table 2 Results of raw ore titanium phase analysis
Seen from the results, the rutile ore fine grain diorite Rutile original deposit containing TiO 5.07%, mainly mineral rutile titanium containing TiO 4.71%, accounting for 92.90% of the total, while the titanium and iron ore The TiO content in the titanomagnetite is very small, so the rutile mineral is the only beneficiation target.
The rutile particles are fine, mostly formed by secondary changes, and the inlaying relationship is complicated. And chlorite, sericite, muscovite water or wrapped with students, is a fine disseminated, wrapped in severe refractory rutile ore.
Second, the flotation tailing test
(1) Grinding test
The purpose of grinding is to dissociate the target mineral monomer and obtain the appropriate particle size. The grinding fineness test procedure is shown in Figure 1. The test results are shown in Table 3.
Figure 1 Grinding fineness test procedure
Table 3 Grinding fineness test results
The results of grinding fineness test show that when the fineness of grinding increases from 94.06% to 98.0l%, the grade and recovery rate of flotation concentrate increase. When the grinding fineness is increased, the index decreases. It can be seen from Table 3 that the optimum flotation index can be obtained when the grinding fineness is -200 mesh 98.0l%, and the concentrate grade is 6.59%, and the recovery rate is 67.53%.
(2) Flotation and tailing test
After extensive testing and research, found that the use NaCO, as modifier (pH = 9), phosphorus and sodium hexametaphosphate inhibitor CMC joint operations, can effectively diminish the role of a collector of the minerals and other non-target minerals, i.e., Achieve the goal of increasing rutile recovery. The use of lead acetate as an activator and the use of hydroxydecanoic acid and styrenephosphonic acid in combination with the collector can effectively achieve the capture of TiO in rutile. 2 oil was used as a foaming agent in an amount of 2Og/t. The results of the flotation tailing test are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Flotation tailing test results /%
It can be seen from Table 4 that using the above-mentioned pharmaceutical system for flotation, the index of flotation coarse concentrate is 15.16% and the recovery rate is 89.26%. The one-time throwing reaches 72.27%, which is beneficial for subsequent sorting. condition.
Third, re-election test
Although the situation of one-time throwing is ideal, the enrichment ratio is small. If it is further selected by flotation on this basis, it is very difficult to obtain qualified rutile concentrate. However, by flotation and tailing, a large number of gangue minerals are suppressed in the tailings, so the composition of the flotation concentrate is relatively simple, so in the flotation coarse concentrate, the density difference between rutile and gangue minerals is more obvious. . Therefore, re-election can be used to further improve the grade. The re-election process is shown in Figure 2, and the re-election test results are shown in Table 5.
Figure 2 re-election test process
Table 5 Re-election process test results /%
It can be seen from Table 5 that the rutile flotation coarse concentrate with a grade of 15.16% is obtained by flotation and tailing. After re-election, the grade can be increased to 43.56%.
Fourth, the selection test
The rutile is re-elected by flotation after flotation, ie, “flotation and re-election†combined process to obtain a coarse concentrate with a grade of 43.56%. To further improve the grade to obtain qualified concentrate, it needs to be selected. Observing the coarse concentrate under the microscope, there are still many connected organisms, so the grinding process should be carried out before the selection. Grinding can dissociate further rutile monomer. However, since the rutile particle size is too fine, the dissociation condition is still not ideal. It can be combined with acid leaching to dissolve the contaminated impurities on the surface of rutile and improve the flotation effect.
The selection method using flotation is shown in Figure 3, and the test results are shown in Table 6.
Figure 3 Selected Test Process
Table 6 Selected Process Test Results /%
It can be seen from Table 6 that the rough concentrate of the shaker can be obtained by grinding, acid leaching and three times of selection to obtain a rutile concentrate with a grade of 90.28% and an operation recovery rate of 85.45%.
V. Conclusion
(1) The rutile in the rutile ore contains 4.71% TiO. The main feature of the ore is the subtle impregnation and complex mineral composition. The chlorite and carbonate minerals are the main inclusions and carriers of rutile, which are difficult to select fine-grain rutile ore.
(2) Through the systematic ore dressing test study, the process of flotation tail-re-election-re-grinding acid-leaching-flotation is determined, and the rutile concentrate containing 90.28% TiO and recovery rate of 47.37% can be obtained.
(3) The pre-selection operation adopts flotation and tailing to make the target minerals preliminarily enriched. The mineral composition in the flotation coarse concentrate is relatively simple, and the difference in density between the target mineral and other gangue minerals is more obvious, which is the follow-up precision. The selection of jobs created favorable conditions and effectively improved the rutile grade.
references
1. Yu Xinyang, Chen Luzheng, et al. Study on comprehensive recovery of titanium resources in tailings [J]. Mine Environmental Protection, 2003 (6): 5~7.
2, Yue Tiebing, Cao Jincheng, et al. Research on re-election and tailing process of fine-grain rutile ore [J]. Chemical Minerals and Processing, 2005 (1): 15~17.
3, Zhang Yun, Guan Yongshi, et al. Status quo of development and utilization of rutile resources in China [J]. Mineral Resources Protection and Utilization, 2000(5): 27~30.
4.Gao Likun,Zhang Zonghua,Li Chunmei.Experimental study on ore dressing of rutile ore in Hezhongcheng[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,2003(3):3～8.
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