Proeess mineralogy is a branch of mineralogy. It is an emerging edge science between mineralogy and mineral processing . The use of technology throughout the mineralogy of geological prospecting, resource evaluation, beneficiation process research and test processes, metallurgy and process technology research visits, material quality inspection and other mineral resources from the evaluation to the development and utilization of the whole process.
Process mineralogy is the mineral composition, mineral content, ore structure and structure, mineral size and particle size distribution of minerals, mosaic relationship between minerals, state of occurrence of minerals of interest, beneficial components and harmful components, minerals of purpose The degree of dissociation, as well as the science of studying the lattice and surface conditions of useful minerals and gangue minerals.
Non-metallic ore dressing, although traditional flotation, re-election, magnetic separation, etc., has obvious specificities in the specific application of these methods. For example, in the beneficiation of graphite , in order to protect large scales as much as possible, it is usually used in multiple stages. Grinding multi-stage flotation process, according to the inlay relationship of the minerals in the ore and the particle size, some graphite ore should be re-selected eight times and re-selected; also in the asbestos wind selection, in order to protect the length of the fiber, usually It is necessary to adopt a multi-stage crushing multi-stage suction selection process. For example, in the beneficiation of some clay minerals such as kaolin or bentonite , the re-election process of sizing pulp and sand removal is often used for purification, or the selective re-selection process is adopted, and the dry re-election process using sand selection method for sand removal is often used. selection using magnetic concentrator combined process of magnetic separation and flotation to remove iron-containing, titanium and other mineral impurities.
However, in the non-metal ore dressing practice, often because there is no attention to the results of process mineralogy, these results are not used to guide the beneficiation practice, and the selected beneficiation process and method are not suitable. For example, a bentonite mine in Xinjiang uses ultra-fine pulverization and air-selection methods to purify bentonite. The actual effect is difficult to achieve the expected effect. Only when the bentonite is ground to below 10 μm, can it barely reach the relevant national standards. The reason is that the quartz in the ore is long. The particle size of stone and other particles is 0.004~0.05mm. Generally, the powder sand and sand are evenly distributed. The minerals in the ore are far from the mutual dissociation. These fine sands are the primary reason for affecting the wind selection effect. For example, in the beneficiation test of a graphite ore, the ore is subject to the requirements of 94% for the seven mills and eight concentrates, but the recovery rate cannot meet the requirements, and the concentrate grade and recovery rate are difficult to achieve. After the process mineralogy of the ore, the graphite scales in the graphite ore are often arranged in a sheet-like arrangement, often with a gangue mineral interlayer with a thickness of about 10 μ; a small part of the particle size of about 5 to 40 μ graphite is fine particles. Wrapped in vein minerals; some between the graphite sheet and the sheet with limonite, and some with limonite along the edge of the graphite. Therefore, we modified the flotation process and changed the process of returning the mine section in each section to the medium-concentration re-grinding and re-election process to achieve the production of high-carbon products with a recovery rate of more than 85%. For example, in the iron ore beneficiation test of a feldspar mine, the iron content in the product needs to be reduced from 0.3% in the ore to less than 0.1%. According to the mineralogical results of the ore process, the feldspar rock has a fine-grained sand structure and a secondary enlarged edge structure, which is composed of debris and cement. The debris is mainly feldspar and quartz particles, feldspar. The particles are generally 0.05~0.18mm, the quartz particles are 0.05~0.5mm, and the cement is generally siliceous, clayy and iron. Therefore, in grinding, not only the dissociation degree of useful particles should be paid attention to, but also the degree of removal of iron-bearing minerals bonded on the surface of feldspar and quartz particles should be paid attention to. The grinding method should adopt a ball mill with both grinding and stripping instead of adopting The rod mill with uniform particle size and less pulverization requires not only strong magnetic separation, but also flotation.
From the above-mentioned beneficiation practice, it is not difficult to see the importance and particularity of process mineralogy research in non-metallic ore dressing. Only by carefully and meticulously conducting process mineralogical research can we formulate scientific and well-based beneficiation processes and methods to achieve enterprise benefits. Maximize your contribution. However, in the practice of beneficiation and purification of many non-metallic minerals, in order to save money, there is a serious shortage in the research of process mineralogy, without careful and meticulous research, imitating the beneficiation process and method of the same type of enterprises, resulting in delay in the beneficiation test. Completion, or the assessed resource conclusions are inaccurate, or the design process is unreasonable, or the products produced by the concentrator are difficult to meet the standards. The “three rates†stipulated by the state do not meet the requirements, and the benefits of the enterprise are difficult to meet expectations. Minerals that can be recycled in the resources are not recycled. These are all important issues to be aware of in non-metallic ore dressings.
Mineral resources are non-renewable and tailings are also non-renewable as a mineral resource. Therefore, with the development of the economy, the comprehensive recycling of tailings has become inevitable. At this stage, the research direction of tailings comprehensive utilization mainly has two aspects. One is to re-select (purify) useful minerals and components from the tailings. The second is to study the overall utilization of tailings without re-selection at this stage. Whether it is re-election or overall utilization of tailings, the process mineralogy of tailings is very important. Before the tailings are used, we need to know which minerals, grades (contents), how large the particles, the mosaic relationship with other minerals, the impurities affecting the target minerals, the selectivity of these impurities, etc. Decide whether the tailings re-election is successful and effective. In the overall utilization of tailings, we need to understand the basic physical and chemical characteristics of the tailings, what impurities are contained, and the degree of harmfulness to the overall utilization. On this basis, we can truly make good use of tailings as a whole, so as to maximize the benefits of mineral resources. . For example, a graphite mine tailings through the process of mineralogical studies, raw ore, vanadium pentoxide After dressing, get in the tailings enrichment, content is generally 0.7%, while concentrate only 0.25% We should consider recycling vanadium pentoxide in the tailings. For example, through the study of a certain feldspar tailings, the main component is a clay mineral such as iron-containing kaolin, which we can consider as a cement raw material. For example, a nickel mine has passed through the recovery of all metal ore tailings. It has been found that about 85% are serpentine and olivine, and the rest are minerals such as chlorite and tremolite , if removed by strong magnetic separation. These iron-containing minerals can be used as fillers or as raw materials for the production of olivine products. These tailings can also be used as an absorbent for carbon dioxide. Serpentine has the ability to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. in the form of magnesium carbonate is fixed in serpentine. In summary, to make good use of tailings, process mineralogical research is indispensable, and careful and meticulous research is even more essential.
The application of non-metallic minerals is the comprehensive utilization of the properties of a certain mineral or mineral aggregate, but the utilization of these properties is carried out with the continuous understanding of mineral properties. These understandings are based on continuous research on mineral properties. Only by studying and understanding the process characteristics of various minerals in the ore, combined with the needs of the national economic construction, can all kinds of non-metallic minerals be used to the best of their ability. Such as coal Department of kaolin This is only unique to our country as a kaolin mineral resources are widely used in the past is as coal tailings, and later in-depth study of our scientists and their properties and processing methods. Another example is the bottleneck in the development of basalt fiber in China, which is the instability of raw material quality. Why? Because of the different mineralization conditions of basalt, the mineral composition and chemical composition are different, and the research results of process mineralogy are more different. If we want to develop a certain mineral resource, we only care about its chemical composition, do not care about the origin of ore and process mineralogical research, we can not fully understand the mineral composition, structure and structure of the ore, we can not understand the nature of the ore, The use of ore cannot be well determined, and detours must be taken in the application of mineral resources.
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