The Helanshan Phosphate Mine is produced in the middle of the Lower Cambrian, and is a sedimentary stratiform phosphorus rock deposit. Its industrial type is siliceous and silicon-calcium ore, the former is the main one. The ore body starts from Suyukou in the north and Dagangou in the south, with a total length of 24 kilometers. Phosphate ore throughout the mining area contains an average of 18% P 2 O 5 .
The mineral composition of the ore: useful minerals are colloidal phosphate and apatite (a total of about 40%, a small amount of apatite); gangue minerals mainly include quartz (about 40%), carbonate rock (total of about 9 %, calcite 3%). In addition, there are pyrite (3% to 4%), sericite (3% to 4%) and the like.
The phosphate rock is homogeneously gelatinous, followed by a scorpion, false scorpion, and crumb. The main feature is that the granulated phosphate particles contain impurities of different particle sizes. These impurities are mainly pyrite, limonite, etc., and the particle size is mostly in the range of 0.0065-0.048 mm, and the star-shaped distribution.
The apatite is in the form of fine granular or columnar particles with a particle size of 0.0065-0.026 mm, mainly distributed between the quartz aggregates or the inner edges of the quartz sand chips.
Quartz is scalloped to semi-circular in the form of clastic and invisible grains, ranging in size from 0.08 to 0.16 mm, mostly distributed in sandy phosphate rock and phosphate conglomerate.
The carbonate is mainly dolomite, with a particle size of 0.016~0.528mm, which is mostly produced by rhombohedron or irregular granular aggregate; calcite is mixed in the shape of granularity between dolomite or vein-like output.
The chemical composition of the ore is listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Chemical composition of ore in Helanshan Phosphate Mine
project | content(%) |
P 2 O 5 | 16.45 |
Acid insoluble matter | 45.48 |
SiO 2 | 43.02 |
Fe 2 O 3 | 4.26 |
Al 2 O 3 | 1.83 |
CaO | 24.64 |
MgO | 1.33 |
CO 2 | 3.64 |
F | 1.36 |
S full | 0.57 |
Re 2 O 3 | 0.077 |
U | 0.0014 |
V | 0.004 |
In 1980, the mine was tested in more detail with different processes. The results are summarized in Table 2. . It can be seen from Table 9 that phosphorus concentrates with a grade greater than 30% P 2 O 5 and a recovery rate above 80% can be obtained by using Schemes II, III and IV. It is indicated that the selection process of stage grinding and stage flotation is suitable for the mine.
Table 2 Flotation conditions for different process structures
flow Cheng Knot Structure | condition | result | ||||||||
Grinding fineness - 200 mesh (%) | Total dosage of pharmaceuticals (kg/ton of raw ore) | Raw ore grade (P 2 O 5 %) | Concentrate | tail mine Product Bit P 2 O 5 % | ||||||
Sodium carbonate | Water glass | Lignin | Oxygen stone wax Soap | Yield % | grade P 2 O 5 % | Recovery rate% | ||||
Process I: Flotation after grinding, phosphorus concentrate; sweeping concentrate, secondary selected tailings with 320 mesh sieve; +320 mesh grade for medium mine; -320 mesh fraction return process, rough selection | 76.00 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.45 | 16.87 | 33.41 | 31.22 | 61.83 | 4.51 |
Middle mine | ||||||||||
21.14 | 20.77 | 26.02 | ||||||||
Process II: After coarse grinding (-200 mesh 65%), it will be floated to obtain some concentrates and tailings; after re-grinding (-320 mesh 72%), the flotation will be carried out, and some concentrates and tailings will be obtained. | - | 3.0 | 1.85 | - | 0.498 | 16.61 | 45.92 | 30.64 | 84.71 | 4.70 |
Process III: Except for the re-grinding fineness of the mine, which is -320 mesh, 92%, the rest of the structure is the same as the process II. | - | 3.5 | 1.40 | 0.5 | 0.453 | 16.85 | 49.16 | 31.10 | 90.74 | 4.18 |
Process IV: After coarse grinding (-200 mesh 65%), flotation is carried out to obtain concentrate and tailings; among them, mine (sweep concentrate and one selected tailings) are combined and graded; +320 mesh size is re-run after and -320 mesh size Return to rough selection | - | 2.0 | 1.35 | 0.3 | 0.382 | 16.85 | 48.50 | 30.95 | 89.08 | 3.57 |
Table 3 Process III Process Conditions Table
Flotation job name | Selection condition | |||||||||
First paragraph (rough grinding) | The second paragraph (middle mine re-grinding) | |||||||||
Process conditions (pharmaceutical dosage kg/t ore) | ||||||||||
Grinding fineness - 200 mesh% | carbon Sodium | water glass | Oxidation Paraffin soap | Flotation time (minutes) | Grinding fineness - 320 mesh% | carbon Sodium | water glass | wood Quality | Flotation time (minutes) | |
Rough selection I | 65.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.053 | 3 | 92.00 | 1.50 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 2 |
Rough selection II | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | |
Sweep | - | - | - | 0.43 | 10 | - | - | - | - | 3 |
Featured | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.10 | 0.2 | 4 | |
Taking Process III as an example, the number and quality flow obtained according to the process conditions listed in Table 3 are shown in Figure 1. The chemical composition of the resulting final phosphate concentrate (concentrate I + concentrate II) is shown in Table 4. Its particle size composition is listed in Table 5.
Table 4 Main chemical composition of phosphorus concentrate (I+II)
project | P 2 O 5 | SiO 2 | Al 2 O 3 | Fe 2 O 3 | CO 2 | MgO | CaO |
content(%) | 30.52 | 14.55 | 0.59 | 2.33 | 3.48 | 1.03 | 43.49 |
Table 5 Final phosphorus concentrate particle size composition (%)
project | granularity (mm) | -0.100 +0.076 | -0.076 +0.056 | -0.056 +0.045 | -0.046 +0.037 | -0.037 +0.019 | -0.019 +0.010 | -0.010 | total |
Yield | Concentrate I | 5.93 | 6.78 | 6.27 | 30.93 | 22.09 | 13.85 | 14.15 | 100.00 |
Concentrate II | 0.39 | 0.62 | 5.19 | 35.30 | 23.87 | 11.77 | 22.86 | 100.00 | |
Grade (P 2 O 5 %) | Concentrate I | 23.49 | 26.86 | 28.35 | 30.89 | 32.64 | 31.64 | 28.96 | 30.30 |
Concentrate II | 21.81 | 24.86 | 26.13 | 28.87 | 29.51 | 30.75 | 35.42 | 30.54 | |
Distribution rate (P 2 O 5 %) | Concentrate I | 4.59 | 6.01 | 5.87 | 31.75 | 23.79 | 14.46 | 13.53 | 100.00 |
Concentrate II | 0.49 | 0.49 | 4.45 | 33.37 | 23.05 | 11.85 | 26.49 | 100.00 |
Fig.1 Stage grinding, stage flotation number and quality flow chart of Helanshan Phosphate Mine
According to the phosphorus concentrate product obtained in the flow of Fig. 1, the determination of the degree of separation is performed. The results indicate that: in the first stage of coarse grinding, a part of the phosphorus minerals which have been dissociated by the monomer is sorted first, and then the second stage of the lean continuous body is finely ground to separate it, which is consistent with the granularity of the useful mineral in the ore. First, choose different characteristics of difficulty. Therefore, the operation is convenient and the index is stable. However, it can be seen from the data in Table 6 that in order to obtain a higher quality phosphate concentrate, the fineness of grinding should be below -0.045 mm.Tungsten carbide welding rope is a type of welding filler material that is used for hardfacing applications. It is made by combining tungsten carbide particles with a binding material, such as nickel or cobalt, to create a rope-like form.
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